Vice for Sale: Neighbourhood Change and Illicit Markets

ESRC：安娜耶茨：ES/P000762/1自1990年代以来，伴随着多伦多街区中产阶级化的是暴力犯罪的减少和沿着种族和族裔界线的阶级隔离的增加。然而，非暴力犯罪的后果可能不同。该研究项目将侧重于中产阶级化对不同类型的非法市场的影响，包括性工作，毒品销售和赌博。这些市场雇用边缘化的公民，通常与绅士化的目标和美学相冲突。我们的目标是了解这些非法市场是如何随着时间的推移在城市中心发生变化，以及邻里的变化如何影响那些在非法市场工作的人的安全和健康。最终，研究结果可用于指导城市政策，优先考虑工作中的公共健康，安全和尊严，尽管工作是犯罪行为。具体来说，我们将问：（1a）多伦多非法市场的社会地理分布是什么？（1b）这些随着时间的推移如何变化？(2)中产阶级化与邻里非法市场之间的关系是什么？(3a)在种族、阶级和性别方面，谁受到非法市场变化的影响，以及（3b）这些变化对边缘化的城市社区意味着什么？为了做到这一点，我们将进行详细的档案研究，以跟踪随着时间的推移，法律的（但非法市场相邻）企业的类型，数量，集群，看看他们是否同样受到中产阶级化的影响。这些副相邻的企业有档案记录，我们将衡量这些企业在社区内的位置，集群和寿命。史密斯博士和我将利用多伦多图书馆提供的城市、档案馆、黄页和绝版企业目录，建立合法副相邻企业30年的历史。在我们收集和组织数据之后，我们将对数据进行编码，并使用RStudio来映射这些市场及其变化。最终，这些发现将被用作共同撰写的出版物的基础，并在会议上提出。

ESRC : Anna Yates : ES/P000762/1Since the 1990s, neighbourhood gentrification in Toronto has been accompanied both by a decrease in violent crime and increasing class segregation along racial and ethnic lines. The consequences may, however, be different for nonviolent crime. This research project will focus on the impact of gentrification on different types of illicit markets including sex work, drug selling and gambling. These are markets that employ marginalized citizens and are typically in conflict with the goals and aesthetics of gentrification. We aim to learn how these illicit markets are changing over time in urban centers, and how neighbourhood change impacts the safety and health of those working in illicit markets. Ultimately, the findings can be used to inform urban policies that prioritize public health, safety, and dignity in work, albeit criminalized work.Specifically, we will ask: (1a) What are the social geographies of illicit markets in Toronto, and (1b) how have these changed over time? (2) What is the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood illicit markets? (3a) Who, in terms of race, class, and gender, is impacted by changes in illicit markets, and (3b) what do these changes mean for marginalized urban communities? To do this, we will conduct detailed archival research to track the types, number, clustering, of legal (but illicit market adjacent) businesses over time to see if they are similarly impacted by gentrification. These vice-adjacent businesses have archival records from which we will measure the location, clustering, and longevity of these businesses within neighbourhoods. Dr Smith and I will use city, archives, yellow pages, and out-of-print businesses directories available at libraries in Toronto to establish the 30-year history of licit vice-adjacent businesses. After we have collected and organised the data, we will code the data and use RStudio to map these markets and their changes. Ultimately, these findings will be used as the basis for a co-authored publication and presented at conferences.