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Chronobiology of changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems (CHASE)

变化的北冰洋生态系统的时间生物学（CHASE）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R012687/1
负责人：
Geraint Tarling
金额：
$ 12.53万
依托单位：
British Antarctic Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR012687%2F1
关键词：
Chronobiology changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems

项目摘要

Rational: The CHASE programme will address the core objective of the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Program by seeking to understand and predict how ecologically important species will respond to climate change. As the Arctic Ocean is warming, zooplankton such as copepods and krill are undergoing habitat range extensions polewards. This will result in exposure to new and more extreme day-length (photoperiodic) climates of the higher latitudes - known in many terrestrial species to have negative consequences on fitness. We will therefore aim to investigate the behaviour, physiology and genetic responses of copepods and krill to their natural and new photoperiodic environments. We will focus on the circadian biological clock, central in day-length measurement and in orchestrating key seasonal life-cycle events.Approach: To understand large scale ecosystem responses to climate change we need to mechanistically understand small scale individual responses of key organisms driving marine ecosystems and their functional biodiversity. High variability between individuals is an indicator for high adaptive capacity of the population to changing conditions. Due to the ecological relevance of key species their individual variability can give an indication of future ecosystem shifts.Our approach focusses on the two Arctic key zooplankton groups Calanus finmarchicus / Calanus glacialis (calanoid copepod) and Thysanoessa inermis (krill). We will: 1) characterize the Arctic light climate (spectrum, irradiance) with latitude and season; 2) determine individual copepod and krill behavioural phenotypes with latitude and season; 3) investigate photoperiod as a diapause trigger in copepods; 4) determine the metabolic status of behavioural phenotypes (identified above); 5) provide seasonal characterization of gene expression with a focus on clock mechanisms and the influence of light and; 6) provide indicator genes characteristic for specific life-cycle events, metabolic processes and environmental conditions as well as genetic timekeeping; 7) investigate the effects of light and genetic clock mechanisms on seasonal timing and how the factors may synergistically interact with other environmental and physiological factors and; 8) incorporate these data into life-cycle models to provide a wider, predictive framework for this work.We will combine a novel, but tested, approach to large scale behavioural screening of activity in copepods and krill with classical physiological investigations on fitness. Activity screening methodology adopted from Drosophila clock research will reveal diel behavioural cycles and rhythms as well as the change of these cycles/rhythms with different photoperiods. We will also use state-of-the-art genetic analyses to characterise the genetic traits of seasonal physiological changes and how light modulates circadian clock and clock related genes. Finally we will incorporate the behaviour, environment and physiological state into existing well-tested individual-based models and dynamic optimisation models to determine the predicted fitness costs of future Arctic climate change scenarios.Application and benefits: The balanced functioning of the Arctic ecosystem is reliant on the success of key zooplankton primary consumers which influence all higher trophic levels, from fish to whales. CHASE aims to understand how such key organisms function in this extreme environment and will develop the predictive tools necessary to assess how climate change will impact their populations in the future. This will be achieved through a combined sampling/experimental/modelling programme, thereby informing future scientific directions, critical in helping manage areas which are rapidly becoming more accessible to increasing resource exploitation. The project is embedded within international Arctic science networks based in the UK, Norway and Germany and will have a legacy of cooperation beyond the lifetime of the funding.

理由：CHASE 计划将通过寻求了解和预测生态上重要的物种将如何应对气候变化来实现 NERC 改变北冰洋计划的核心目标。随着北冰洋变暖，桡足类和磷虾等浮游动物的栖息地范围正在向极地扩展。这将导致高纬度地区新的、更极端的日照（光周期）气候——已知许多陆地物种会对健康产生负面影响。因此，我们的目标是研究桡足类和磷虾对其自然和新光周期环境的行为、生理和遗传反应。我们将重点关注昼夜节律生物钟，它是昼长测量和协调关键季节性生命周期事件的核心。方法：为了了解大规模生态系统对气候变化的反应，我们需要从机制上了解驱动海洋生态系统及其功能生物多样性的关键生物体的小规模个体反应。个体之间的高度变异性是群体对不断变化的条件的高度适应能力的指标。由于关键物种的生态相关性，它们的个体变异性可以预示未来生态系统的变化。我们的方法重点关注北极的两个主要浮游动物群体：Calanus finmarchicus / Calanus glacialis（桡足类）和Thysanoessa inermis（磷虾）。我们将：1）用纬度和季节来描述北极光气候（光谱、辐照度）； 2) 确定桡足类和磷虾个体随纬度和季节的行为表型； 3）研究光周期作为桡足类滞育触发因素； 4) 确定行为表型的代谢状态（如上所述）； 5) 提供基因表达的季节特征，重点关注时钟机制和光的影响； 6）提供特定生命周期事件、代谢过程和环境条件以及遗传计时特征的指示基因； 7）研究光和遗传时钟机制对季节时间的影响以及这些因素如何与其他环境和生理因素协同相互作用； 8）将这些数据纳入生命周期模型，为这项工作提供更广泛的预测框架。我们将结合一种新颖但经过测试的方法来对桡足类和磷虾的活动进行大规模行为筛选，并与经典的健康生理研究相结合。果蝇生物钟研究采用的活动筛选方法将揭示昼夜行为周期和节律，以及这些周期/节律随不同光周期的变化。我们还将使用最先进的遗传分析来表征季节性生理变化的遗传特征以及光如何调节生物钟和时钟相关基因。最后，我们将把行为、环境和生理状态纳入现有的经过充分测试的基于个体的模型和动态优化模型中，以确定未来北极气候变化情景的预测适应成本。应用和效益：北极生态系统的平衡功能依赖于关键浮游动物主要消费者的成功，这些消费者影响从鱼类到鲸鱼的所有较高营养级。 CHASE 旨在了解这些关键生物体在这种极端环境中如何发挥作用，并将开发必要的预测工具来评估气候变化未来将如何影响其种群。这将通过综合采样/实验/建模计划来实现，从而为未来的科学方向提供信息，这对于帮助管理那些迅速变得更容易增加资源开采的地区至关重要。该项目嵌入在英国、挪威和德国的国际北极科学网络中，并将在资助期限结束后留下合作遗产。