ONTOGENY & FUNCTION OF PRIMATE VOCAL SIGNATURES

个体发育

• 批准号: 6277502
• 负责人: HAROLD T. GOUZOULES
• 金额: $ 3.54万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6277502
• 关键词: Mammalia; Primates; communication behavior; psychology

A major goal of animal vocal communication studies has been to discover the referents of signals. Such information is critical to an understanding of the function and evolution of communication systems in different species and is also important to advancing knowledge about nonhuman primate cognitive and conceptual abilities. Studies have indicated signals can represent objects and events in the external world (i.e., have the property of external reference) such findings raise the possibility that animal communication might share the denotative context independence of human language symbols. A complicating issue in efforts to categorize the primate world reflected in communication is that researchers have approached the problem as though the animals classify items with a logic system in which there are only two truth values, 1 or 0 (true and false). Although studies have established associations between different vocalizations and referents using this simple dichotomy, it is likely that such bivalent logic is not the actual basis for the categorization of many things communicated about by monkeys. We examined rhesus macaque scream vocalizations provoked by higher-ranking aggressors in two contexts encounters in which the rank-difference between opponents was either great (LRD = large rank difference) or small (SRD = small rank difference). These vocalizations play an important role in eliciting support from the caller's allies in the group (usually matrilineal kin). 'Noisy' screams, for example, are most likely to be given during encounters against higher-ranking opponents that involved contact aggression, and 'tonal' or 'undulated' screams are most likely for non-contact aggression from such opponents. It was predicted that scream bouts directed to SRD opponents would be more likely to comprise calls from scream classes other than the expected type, and that scream bouts from LRD encounters would be more in accord with the expected class. Results s upport this prediction and suggest that a multi-valued or fuzzy logic system, one with more than two truth values, might provide a more realistic way to conceptualize the categorization of certain referents of monkey vocalizations. Better understanding of the ways in which nonhuman primates categorize their worlds will enable more comprehensive and complete studies of vocal and behavioral development.

动物发声交流研究的一个主要目标是 发现信号的参照物。这些信息对于 对通信系统功能和演变的理解 在不同的物种中，这对促进知识也很重要 关于非人灵长类的认知和概念能力。研究 具有指示的信号可以表示 外部世界(即，具有外部引用的属性) 研究发现提高了动物交流的可能性 人类语言符号的外延语境独立性。一个 将灵长类世界归类的努力中的复杂问题 反映在交流中的是，研究人员已经接近了 问题就像动物用逻辑系统对物品进行分类一样 其中只有两个真值，1或0(真和假)。 尽管研究已经确定了不同的 发音和指代使用这种简单的二分法，很可能 这种二价逻辑并不是 对猴子所交流的许多事物进行分类。我们 检查了猕猴尖叫发声的原因 级别较高的侵略者在两个上下文中遇到 对手之间的排名差异不是很大(LRD=大排名 差)或小(SRD=小秩差)。这些 发声在争取 呼叫者在团体中的盟友(通常是母系亲属)。《嘈杂》 例如，尖叫声最有可能是在相遇时发出的 对抗级别较高的对手，包括接触攻击性，以及 “音调”或“波状”尖叫声最有可能是非接触性的 来自这样的对手的侵略。据预测，尖叫赛 定向到SRD对手的呼叫更有可能包含来自 尖叫类不是预期的类型，而尖叫回合 来自LRD的遭遇会更符合预期的职业。 结果S支持这一预测，并建议一个多值或 具有两个以上真值的模糊逻辑系统可以提供 一种更现实的方式来概念化某些类别 猴子发音的指代。更好地理解这些方法 非人灵长类动物对他们的世界进行分类将带来更多 对发声和行为的全面和完整的研究 发展。