DEVELOPMENT OF VOCAL COMMUNICATION IN MARMOSETS & TAMARINS

目的：了解声乐的发展和使用情况。 沟通。结果我们记录了婴儿侏儒的“喋喋不休” 发现了绒猴的叽叽喳喳和 人类婴儿，正在继续对喋喋不休的研究，以确定 是否以及如何通过喋喋不休改变呼叫结构以及年龄有多大 已经断奶的婴儿可能会有器质性地使用叽叽喳喳。我们 正在研究侏儒绒猴和棉顶金丝猴婴儿如何使用 适当地发声。而年轻的猴子会产生这些 发声在很小的时候，需要几个月的时间才能开始 适当地使用它们，并且一些发音不被使用 直到动物繁育出成虫。我们已经提交了 棉顶罗望鱼家族，有熟悉的首选食物， 熟悉的食物因添加胡椒和一种不熟悉的食物而有毒 食物。第一个尝到偏爱但现在有毒的食物的动物，头 在树枝上摇晃和摩擦它的嘴。从这些不由自主的 反应其他小组成员避免这种非常受欢迎的食物 在一只动物品尝了食物三周后。在有孩子的家庭中 然而，第一次品尝这种食物的成年人给婴儿 婴儿直接向接近食物的婴儿发出警报。 在随后的试验中，这些婴儿不再靠近。对.的使用 特定的自愿信号，向婴儿传达有毒食物， 但不是对年长的小组成员来说，这意味着一种形式的“教学” 在其他物种的猴子身上没有发现过。未来的方向，我们将 关于俾格米人如何恰当地使用电话的完整研究 绒猴和棉顶罗望子。我们将跟进几个 从我们喋喋不休的研究中得出的问题表明，绒猴确实有所改善 在呼叫生产中与年龄和喋喋不休的数量？猴子会用吗？ 喋喋不休地暗示要获得更幼稚或从属的地位 当资源较老时，优先访问资源？我们会 用有毒食物重复这项研究。

OBJECTIVE: To understand development and usage of vocal communication. RESULTS We have documented "babbling" in infant pygmy marmosets finding parallels between babbling in marmosets and that of human infants and are continuing research on babbling to determine whether and how call structure changes through babbling and how older infants that have been weaned might use babbling instrumentally. We are studying how pygmy marmoset and cotton-top tamarin infants use vocalizations appropriately. While young monkeys produce these vocalizations at an early age, it is several months before they begin to use them appropriately, and some vocalizations are not used appropriately until animals are breeding adults. We have presented families of cotton-top tamarins with familiar preferred foods, a familiar food made toxic by the addition of pepper and an unfamiliar food. The first animal to taste a preferred but now toxic food, head shakes and rubs it mouth on a branch. From these involuntary reactions other group members avoided this highly preferred food for three weeks after one animal tasted the food. In families with young infants however, the adult who first tasted the food gave infant-directed alarm calls to infants that had approached the food. In subsequent trials the infants no longer approached. The use of specific voluntary signals to communicate about toxic food to infants, but not to older group members suggests a form of "teaching" that has not been seen in other species of monkeys. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We will complete studies on how calls are used appropriately by pygmy marmosets and cotton-top tamarins. We will follow up several questions from our babbling studies do marmosets show an improvement in call production with age and amount of babbling? Do monkeys use babbling to signal a more infantile or subordinate status to gain priority of access to resources when they are older? We will replicate the study with toxic food.