Understanding trophic links between marine plankton to consumers to improve assessments of UK pelagic habitats

了解海洋浮游生物与消费者之间的营养联系,以改进对英国中上层栖息地的评估

基本信息

项目摘要

Phytoplankton are responsible for 50% of global photosynthetic productivity, recycling nutrients to sustain life in our oceans. Even within the microscopic size of phytoplankton there is a huge size range, from 2 microns to 100 microns. The smallest phytoplankton are called Picophytoplankton are are less than 2 microns in size and can contribute up to 55% of the phytoplankton biomass in UK marine waters and are very adaptable. They are made up of thousands of different varieties of species, but some types, especially cyanobacteria are well studied using a method called flow cytometry based on their size and photosynthetic pigments. Cyanobacteria can thrive in low nutrient environments and associated with weaker energy transfer at each stage of the food chain. The next size is nanophytoplankton which range from 2-20 microns in size and are more complex, again made up of thousands of species and some types can be studied using flow cytometry whilst others are counted using a microscope. Larger phytoplankton are called microphytoplankton. Zooplankton are tiny animals or protozoa that eat phytoplankton and known as primary consumers. They are eaten in turn by young fish. Microphytoplankton and Zooplankton are easier to count on a microscope because they are easier to see and are used in official government assessments of marine health for sustainability to ensure larger marine organisms are getting enough food from phytoplankton or zooplankton. Currently small phytoplankton are not included in these assessments because their monitoring is less universal.Several recent studies show Phytoplankton and Zooplankton are changing in UK waters. In the Western English Channel, small-sized cyanobacterial phytoplankton have been increasing in the summer seasons over 50 years. At the same time, key zooplankton such as small crustaceans called copepods, have declined by 50% over the same period in summer. They normally feed on phytoplankton and is a concern. It is known that size of plankton can affect how much energy moves up the food web to fish and marine mammals, with smaller phytoplankton associated with less energy transfer. One possible link between smaller phytoplankton and zooplankton is the timing of their appearance. If larger phytoplankton are growing and peaking earlier this may not match the timing of zooplankton or young fish key growth stages. Our team has already found time-based relationships within smaller phytoplankton and environmental variables and found that smaller phytoplankton growth characteristics are quite consistent across different UK water bodies using a novel method called Continuous wavelet transformation(CWT). Our earlier exploratory studies of interactions even within small phytoplankton aggregate groups and bacteria have confirmed relationships within these biological groups and also with environmental variables like temperature and nitrogen-based nutrients. Our aim now is to see if CWT can identify time-based relationships across the marine food web from smaller phytoplankton and larger phytoplankton, zooplankton and young fish. This approach has not been used before. Ultimately we want to create a statistical model to see if smaller phytoplankton affect the growth of larger marine organisms. Additionally we want to use this approach to find key relationships that can easily be used to measure food webs in official governmental assessments of marine health, such as OSPAR.
浮游植物占全球光合作用生产力的50%,它们循环利用营养物质来维持我们海洋中的生命。即使在浮游植物的微观尺寸内,也存在着从2微米到100微米的巨大尺寸范围。最小的浮游植物被称为微型浮游植物,它们的大小不到2微米,可以贡献英国海域浮游植物生物量的55%,具有很强的适应性。它们由数千种不同的物种组成,但有些类型,特别是蓝藻,根据它们的大小和光合色素,用一种称为流式细胞术的方法进行了很好的研究。蓝藻可以在低营养环境中茁壮成长,并与食物链每个阶段较弱的能量转移有关。下一个大小是纳米浮游植物,大小从2-20微米不等,更复杂,同样由数千个物种组成,其中一些类型可以用流式细胞仪进行研究,而另一些类型则用显微镜计数。较大的浮游植物被称为微型浮游植物。浮游动物是以浮游植物为食的微小动物或原生动物,被称为主要消费者。它们被幼鱼轮流吃掉。微型浮游植物和浮游动物更容易依靠显微镜观察,因为它们更容易观察,并被用于政府对海洋健康的可持续官方评估,以确保较大的海洋生物从浮游植物或浮游动物那里获得足够的食物。目前,小型浮游植物没有被包括在这些评估中,因为它们的监测不那么普遍。最近的几项研究表明,英国水域的浮游植物和浮游动物正在发生变化。在西英吉利海峡,小型蓝藻浮游植物在过去50年的夏季一直在增加。与此同时,关键的浮游动物,如被称为桡足类的小型甲壳类动物,在夏季的同期下降了50%。它们通常以浮游植物为食,这是一个令人担忧的问题。众所周知,浮游生物的大小会影响鱼类和海洋哺乳动物在食物网中向上移动的能量,浮游植物越小,传递的能量就越少。较小的浮游植物和浮游动物之间的一个可能的联系是它们出现的时间。如果较大的浮游植物正在生长并较早达到顶峰,这可能与浮游动物或幼鱼的关键生长阶段的时间不匹配。我们的团队已经在较小的浮游植物和环境变量之间发现了基于时间的关系,并使用一种名为连续小波变换(CWT)的新方法发现,较小的浮游植物的生长特征在英国不同的水体中非常一致。我们早期对浮游植物群体和细菌之间相互作用的探索性研究证实了这些生物群体之间的关系,以及与温度和氮基营养物质等环境变量的关系。我们现在的目标是看看CWT是否能从较小的浮游植物和较大的浮游植物、浮游动物和幼鱼中识别出海洋食物网中基于时间的关系。这种方法以前从未被使用过。最终,我们想要建立一个统计模型,看看较小的浮游植物是否会影响较大的海洋生物的生长。此外,我们希望使用这种方法来找到关键的关系,这些关系可以很容易地用来在政府对海洋健康的官方评估(如OSPAR)中衡量食物网。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The silent majority: Pico- and nanoplankton as ecosystem health indicators for marine policy
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111650
  • 发表时间:
    2024-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    6.9
  • 作者:
    McQuatters-Gollop,Abigail;Stern,Rowena F.;Tett,Paul
  • 通讯作者:
    Tett,Paul
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Rowena Stern其他文献

Mind the gap - The need to integrate novel plankton methods alongside ongoing long-term monitoring
注意间隙——将新的浮游生物方法与正在进行的长期监测相结合的需求
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107542
  • 发表时间:
    2025-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.400
  • 作者:
    Matthew M. Holland;Luis Felipe Artigas;Angus Atkinson;Mike Best;Eileen Bresnan;Michelle Devlin;Dafne Eerkes-Medrano;Marie Johansen;David G. Johns;Margarita Machairopoulou;Sophie Pitois;James Scott;Jos Schilder;Rowena Stern;Karen Tait;Callum Whyte;Claire Widdicombe;Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
  • 通讯作者:
    Abigail McQuatters-Gollop

Rowena Stern的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Rowena Stern', 18)}}的其他基金

Tracking Marine sources of a Cholera outbreak using high throughput molecular methods on archival samples
使用高通量分子方法对档案样本追踪霍乱爆发的海洋来源
  • 批准号:
    NE/S013431/1
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.36万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Can we detect changes in Arctic ecosystems?
我们能否检测到北极生态系统的变化?
  • 批准号:
    NE/P005896/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.36万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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