THERMOS:Thermal Safety Margins of Earth's Tropical Forests

膳魔师:地球热带森林的热安全裕度

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/Y00163X/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 108.57万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2024 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Earth's tropical forests provide an array of ecosystem services, housing over 50% of global biodiversity, taking up 8-13% of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions, recycling rainfall at continental scales and directly providing livelihoods to millions of people. The biological and ecological processes that sustain these services (e.g. photosynthesis and transpiration) are strongly climate-sensitive, such that the future large-scale functioning of tropical forests depends on keeping their climate space within safe operating limits. Currently we do not know what the safe operating temperature limits for tropical forests are nor how close they are to upper limits of temperature function. There are three main reasons for this:1) different plant processes are subject to different temperature thresholds - e.g. there are optimal temperatures for photosynthesis and also temperatures at which the photosynthetic apparatus begin to break down, but large data gaps prevent us from understanding how these limits vary across tropical forests and species2) even for species where we do know the temperature thresholds for key physiological functions (e.g. breakdown of photosynthesis machinery), we usually do not have the leaf temperature records that allow us to gauge how close tropical trees are to these thresholds. The distinction between leaf and air temperature is key here - leaf temperatures are the physiologically meaningful measure of temperature and can be substantially different to air temperatures3) we do not know what leaf-level metrics of temperature tolerance mean for the performance of the whole plant in terms of growth and mortality. It is unclear whether leaf traits can predict risk of heat-induced mortality. Temperature can affect plant performance directly (e.g. by reducing photosynthetic rate) but also indirectly by increasing the vapour pressure difference between the air and leaves (leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit). Higher VPD increases plant water losses due to greater atmospheric demand for water but also results in reduced stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation rates. Recent studies have suggested that increasing tree mortality patterns observed in some temperate and tropical zones may be driven by increasing VPD. However, no study to date has sought to isolate the role of direct temperature effects vs. indirect VPD effects in inducing heat stress-driven mortality.THERMOS will address each of these current bottlenecks to deliver unprecedented large-scale insights into the thermal risk of tropical forests. To do this, a diverse set of complementary methodologies will be used including: 1) extensive field data collection in tropical forests in four continents to determine the high temperature thresholds of key plant processes, 2) drone-based thermal imaging to determine maximum leaf temperatures reached in different sites, 3) new extreme heating greenhouse experiments to test the ability of leaf thermal traits to predict mortality and to evaluate the importance of direct vs. indirect VPD effects in driving mortality, 4) remote sensing to determine how thermally 'safe' forests are across the Tropics and 5) analysis of forest dynamics records to evaluate the role of increasing temperature and VPD in driving increased mortality across tropical forests.
地球上的热带森林提供了一系列生态系统服务,拥有全球50%以上的生物多样性,占每年人为二氧化碳排放量的8 - 13%,在大陆范围内回收降雨,并直接为数百万人提供生计。维持这些服务的生物和生态过程(如光合作用和蒸腾作用)对气候非常敏感,因此,热带森林未来的大规模功能取决于将其气候空间保持在安全的操作限度内。目前,我们不知道热带森林的安全操作温度极限是多少,也不知道它们与温度函数上限的接近程度。这主要有三个原因:1)不同的植物过程受到不同的温度阈值的影响-例如,有光合作用的最佳温度,也有光合机构开始分解的温度,但大量的数据差距使我们无法理解这些限制如何在热带森林和物种之间变化2)即使对于我们知道关键生理功能的温度阈值(例如光合作用机制的分解)的物种,我们通常也没有叶温记录,使我们能够衡量热带树木与这些阈值的接近程度。叶温和气温之间的区别在这里是关键-叶温是生理上有意义的温度测量,可以与气温有很大的不同3)我们不知道叶级温度耐受性指标对整个植物在生长和死亡方面的表现意味着什么。目前还不清楚叶片性状是否可以预测热诱导死亡的风险。温度可以直接影响植物的性能(例如通过降低光合速率),但也可以通过增加空气和叶片之间的蒸汽压差(叶片与空气之间的蒸汽压差)间接影响植物的性能。较高的VPD增加植物水分损失,由于更大的大气对水的需求,但也导致气孔导度和碳同化率降低。最近的研究表明,在一些温带和热带地区观察到的树木死亡率增加的模式可能是由VPD增加驱动的。然而,迄今为止还没有研究试图将直接温度效应与间接VPD效应在诱导热应激驱动的死亡率中的作用分离开来。THERMOS将解决当前的每一个瓶颈,为热带森林的热风险提供前所未有的大规模见解。为此,将使用一套不同的补充方法,包括:1)在四大洲的热带森林中广泛收集实地数据,以确定关键植物过程的高温阈值,2)基于无人机的热成像,以确定不同地点达到的最高叶片温度,3)新的极端加热温室实验,以测试叶片热性状预测死亡率的能力,并评估直接与间接VPD效应在导致死亡率方面的重要性,4)遥感,以确定如何热“安全”的森林是整个热带和5)森林动态记录的分析,以评估不断上升的温度和VPD在驱动整个热带森林死亡率增加的作用。

项目成果

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David Robert Galbraith其他文献

David Robert Galbraith的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('David Robert Galbraith', 18)}}的其他基金

Lethal Psi: Characterising critical embolism thresholds for Amazon tree survival
Lethal Psi:描述亚马逊树木生存的关键栓塞阈值
  • 批准号:
    NE/X001164/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 108.57万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
ARBOLES: A trait-based Understanding of LATAM Forest Biodiversity and Resilience
ARBOLES:对拉丁美洲森林生物多样性和恢复力的基于性状的理解
  • 批准号:
    NE/S011811/1
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 108.57万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
TREMOR: Mechanisms and consequences of increasing TREe MORtality in Amazonian rainforests
震颤:亚马逊雨林树木死亡率增加的机制和后果
  • 批准号:
    NE/N004655/1
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 108.57万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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CAREER: : Advanced Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs: Combining Physics-Based and Machine Learning Models toward High Thermal Safety
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