STUDIES OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCER (PESTICIDES)

职业癌症研究（农药）

• 批准号: 6289541
• 负责人: MICHAEL ALAVANJA
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6289541
• 关键词: agriculture worker; blood chemistry; brain neoplasms; cancer risk; chemical carcinogen; chemical carcinogenesis; clinical research; dosage; environment related neoplasm /cancer; herbicides; human subject; lifestyle; lymphoma; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; occupational hazard; pesticide biological effect; pesticides; spouses; stomach neoplasms; urinalysis

Pesticides are chemicals designed to cause biologic harm to plants, insects, and other pests. Widespread use in agriculture and in urban areas creates an opportunity for exposure to a large segment of the population. Epidemiologic investigations are undertaken to identify and clarify cancer risks from pesticide exposure. The Agricultural Health Study is a major effort which is designed to evaluate the relationship between pesticides and other agricultural factors and the risk of cancer and other diseases. Enrollment in this study includes about 90,000 men and women from Iowa and North Carolina. From 1993-1997 detailed information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire and in the next three years this information is being updated and expanded by telephone interview. Telephone interviews include questions on pesticides used and other agricultural exposures, lifestyle factors, medical and family history of disease, and diet. We are also attempting to collect buccal cell samples as a source of genomic DNA on all members of the cohort. Analyses on cancer incidence and other chronic diseases is just getting underway. The risk of visits to health care providers resulting from pesticide exposure was higher among commercial applicators than farmers, among men than women, and among North Carolina applicators than Iowa applicators. Frequency of health care visits was associated with frequency of pesticide application. Several other projects to evaluate the cancer risk from pesticide exposure are underway. During the past year, analysis of data from case-control studies of non- Hodgkins lymphoma noted an association with agricultural use of lindane, but not with DDT. Farmers were found to be at elevated risk for prostate cancer in a study of mortality in 24 states. Contrary to earlier investigations, however, the risk of breast cancer was not associated with serum levels of DDT among women in Mexico City. A methodologic study to compare pesticide levels in dust samples from vacuum cleaner bags with levels from a high-volume surface sampler (HVSS) found a high degree of correlation. This suggests that collection of vacuum cleaner bags, which is a simpler and less expense approach than the HVSS, provides a reliable indication of pesticide levels on dust in homes. Several feasibility studies have been conducted among migrant and seasonal farm workers to determine appropriate methods for epidemiologic investigations in this understudied group. Results from this effort will appear in a special volume of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine in the near future. A review of the literature was conducted which suggested that pesticides may play a role in the development of childhood and adult cancers. Recently completed case-control studies of cancers of the brain and stomach in Nebraska will provide the opportunity to assess the role of agricultural, general environmental, and lifestyle factors in the development of these tumors. Blood and urine have been collected from 30 applicators applying the herbicide 2,4-D to relate dose to possible biologic effects including DNA mutations, chromosome aberrations, and immune system alterations. - Human Subjects & Human Tissues, Fluids, Cells, etc.

农药是旨在对植物，昆虫和其他害虫造成生物损害的化学物质。在农业和城市地区广泛使用，为大部分人口的暴露创造了机会。进行流行病学研究是为了识别和澄清农药暴露的癌症风险。农业健康研究是一项重大努力，旨在评估农药与其他农业因素之间的关系以及癌症和其他疾病的风险。这项研究的入学人数包括来自爱荷华州和北卡罗来纳州的约90,000名男女。从1993 - 1997年，自我管理调查表获得了详细信息，在接下来的三年中，通过电话访谈对此信息进行了更新和扩展。电话采访包括有关使用的农药和其他农业暴露，生活方式因素，疾病的医学和家族史以及饮食的问题。我们还试图收集颊细胞样品作为所有队列成员的基因组DNA的来源。对癌症发病率和其他慢性疾病的分析刚刚开始进行。在商业申请者中，因农药暴露导致的医疗保健提供者的访问风险高于农民，男性和北卡罗来纳州申请者的风险比爱荷华州的申请者高。医疗访问的频率与施用农药的频率有关。 其他几个评估农药暴露癌症风险的项目正在进行中。在过去的一年中，对非霍奇金斯淋巴瘤病例对照研究的数据分析指出，与农业的农业使用相关，而不是与DDT相关的。在24个州的死亡率研究中，发现农民的前列腺癌风险较高。然而，与较早的研究相反，乳腺癌的风险与墨西哥城女性的血清DDT水平无关。一项方法学研究，比较来自真空清洁袋中的灰尘样品中的农药水平，以及来自大量表面采样器（HVSS）的水平发现了高度的相关性。这表明，与HVSS相比，收集的真空清洁袋是一种更简单，更少的费用方法，它为房屋中灰尘的农药水平提供了可靠的指示。在移民和季节性农场工人中已经进行了几项可行性研究，以确定在这个研究小组中进行流行病学研究的适当方法。这项工作的结果将出现在不久的将来的《美国工业医学杂志》的特殊卷中。对文献进行了综述，表明农药可能在童年和成人癌症的发展中发挥作用。最近完成的内布拉斯加州大脑和胃癌的病例对照研究将为评估农业，一般环境和生活方式因素在这些肿瘤发展中的作用提供机会。血液和尿液已从30位施用除草剂2,4-D的施用者中收集，以将剂量与可能的生物学作用相关联，包括DNA突变，染色体畸变和免疫系统改变。 - 人类受试者和人体组织，流体，细胞等。