IS HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF LIMB MOVEMENT DIRECT OR VIA MODULATION OF STATE

理解行为唤醒和运动的神经调节 易化对于理解睡眠的正常控制很重要-- 马达输出的尾流调节和控制，以及阐明 临床相关情况的基础，如失眠、白天过多 时间嗜睡、快眼动行为障碍和嗜睡症。 因此，这项研究计划的广泛、长期目标是 为了了解下丘脑后部在产生 大脑皮层和行为唤醒。这项提案中包括的实验 旨在确定下丘脑后部是否有必要 产生清醒状态的行为成分，以及是否 大脑这一区域启动肢体运动的结果是 促进动物的全身性唤醒。这些实验包括 本提案旨在检验以下假设：1)大鼠 以这样的方式横切，离开基底间脑和 脑干完好无损继续在睡眠-觉醒状态中循环。2)肢体 这些动物在清醒状态下表现出的运动是成群的。 肢体运动的表达受到昼夜节律的影响。 4)切除下丘脑后部可完全消除这些肢体 5)下丘脑后部的微电刺激 产生全身性唤醒，然后是肢体运动的表达。一个 这项提案的次要目标是引进本科生和 硕士研究生到生物医学研究。因此， 实验的设计是为了让学生充分参与进来。 提出的研究将向学生介绍临床上重要的 睡眠研究领域，以及基本神经生理学技术。 例如，学生们将学习小动物立体定向手术， 电微刺激、电生理记录与脑 组织学/损伤学。这些技术广泛适用于许多 神经科学中的问题。学生们还将接受关于 基本试验设计、数据整理和统计分析，以及 手稿和研讨会的准备。这些技巧和技能将 为更高级的培训提供坚实的基础并激发人们的兴趣 在生物医学科学领域。

Understanding the neural regulation of behavioral arousal and motor facilitation is important in understanding the normal control of sleep- wake regulation and control of motor output, as well as elucidating the basis of such clinically relevant conditions as insomnia, excessive day time sleepiness, rapid-eye movement behavior disorder and narcolepsy. Consequently, the broad, long-term objective of this research program is to understand the role of the posterior hypothalamus in the production of cortical and behavioral arousal. The experiments included in this proposal are designed to determine whether the posterior hypothalamus is necessary for the production of the behavioral components of wakefulness and whether initiation of limb movements by this region of the brain is a result of promotion of a generalized arousal in the animal. The experiments included in this proposal are designed to test the hypotheses that: 1) rats transected in such a fashion as to leave the basal diencephalon and brainstem intact continue to cycle through sleep-wake states., 2) the limb movements exhibited by these animals are clustered in wakefulness., 3) there is a circadian influence on the expression of the limb movements., 4) removal of the posterior hypothalamus completely eliminates these limb movements., 5) electrical microstimulation in the posterior hypothalamus produces generalized arousal followed by expression of limb movements. A secondary objective of this proposal is to introduce undergraduate and Masters level graduate students to biomedical research. Consequently, the experiments have been designed to allow substantial student involvement. The research proposed will introduce students to the clinically important field of sleep research, as well as basic neurophysiological techniques. For example, the students will learn small animal stereotaxic surgery, electrical microstimulation, electrophysiological recording and brain histology/ lesioning. These techniques are widely applicable to many questions in the neurosciences. The students will also receive training in basic experimental design, reduction and statistical analysis of data, and manuscript and seminar preparation. These techniques and skills will provide a sound base for and stimulate interest in more advanced training in the biomedical sciences.