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Muon tomography for geological repositories

用于地质处置库的 μ 子断层扫描

基本信息

批准号：
ST/K001841/1
负责人：
Vitaly Kudryavtsev
金额：
$ 5.96万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FK001841%2F1
关键词：
Muon tomography geological repositories

项目摘要

The project addresses the key issue in the global environment challenge concerning geological repositories, namely monitoring the structure of and possible changes in the repositories due to various processes. One particular aspect to be studied is the monitoring of the carbon dioxide migration in the repository during injection and geological storage. Storage of supercritical CO2 under the surface is seen by geologists as currently the best way of preventing further increase of the gas emissions into the atmosphere. Recent pilot schemes have shown that the injection of CO2 in large quantities (>1 Mt/year) on industrial scale is viable and more projects in the UK and worldwide are in the planning stage. Monitoring migration of the supercritical CO2 and its further dissolution into the brine and precipitation is a crucial part of the process of CO2 storage. Current monitoring techniques, such as 4D seismic surveys, are episodic and expensive. An alternative novel technique involves cosmic-ray muons which can be observed at large depths underground with their flux depending on the density and composition of materials through which they pass. Measuring muon fluxes below the reservoir can provide a continuous and inexpensive monitoring technology.Measuring muon flux and its angular distribution underground is not a difficult task and has been done by many experiments at various depths. However, for geological repositories the muon detectors should be positioned in small boreholes (about 20 cm diameter) at a temperatures up to 50C. This imposes some constraints on the detector design and operational conditions.The aim of the current proposal is to investigate whether the proposed novel technique can be used for monitoring geological repositories, in particular CO2 migration. We plan to build a small prototype muon detector that will be capable of measuring the muon direction and, at the same time, be deployable in the harsh environment of a borehole. Such a detector should satisfy certain requirement for deployment: a) robust; b) resistant to high temperatures (up to 50C); c) operation should be temperature independent; d) it should have small cross-sectional area to fit into the borehole; e) it should measure the angles with a few degree accuracy or better; f) it should easily discriminate between muons and background gamma-rays and electrons from radioactivity. Our plan is to design and construct a detector made of scintillator rods viewed on both sides by photomultiplier tubes. We aim to test its angular resolution using cosmic-ray muons at the surface.

该项目处理全球环境挑战中与地质处置有关的关键问题，即监测处置库的结构和各种进程可能造成的变化。需要研究的一个具体方面是监测二氧化碳在注入和地质储存期间在处置库中的迁移。地质学家认为，将超临界二氧化碳储存在地表下是目前防止进一步增加气体排放到大气中的最佳方法。最近的试点计划表明，在工业规模上大量注入CO2（>1 Mt/年）是可行的，英国和世界各地的更多项目正处于规划阶段。监测超临界CO2的迁移及其进一步溶解到盐水和沉淀中是CO2储存过程的关键部分。目前的监测技术，如4D地震勘探，是间歇性的和昂贵的。另一种新技术涉及宇宙射线μ子，它可以在地下很深的地方观察到，其通量取决于它们所穿过的材料的密度和成分。测量水库下的μ子通量可以提供一种连续的、廉价的监测技术，测量地下μ子通量及其角分布并不困难，已经在不同深度进行了许多实验。然而，对于地质处置库，μ介子探测器应放置在温度高达50摄氏度的小钻孔（直径约20厘米）中。这对探测器的设计和操作conditions.The目的目前的建议是调查所提出的新技术是否可以用于监测地质处置库，特别是CO2迁移。我们计划建造一个小型的μ子探测器原型，它将能够测量μ子的方向，同时可以部署在钻孔的恶劣环境中。这种探测器应满足某些部署要求：a）坚固耐用; B）耐高温（高达50 ℃）; c）操作应与温度无关; d）它应具有小的横截面积以适合钻孔; e）它应测量具有几度精度或更好的角度; f）它应容易区分μ子和背景伽马射线以及电子与放射性。我们的计划是设计和建造一个探测器的闪烁体棒，双方的光电倍增管。我们的目标是测试其角分辨率使用宇宙射线μ子在表面。