COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AND THE USE OF PRESTORED TEXT

沟通能力和预存文本的使用

• 批准号: 6283635
• 负责人: JAN L BEDROSIAN
• 金额: $ 26.94万
• 依托单位: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6283635
• 关键词: assistive device /technology; behavioral /social science research tag; communication behavior; communication disorder aid; evaluation /testing; human subject; quality of life; speech disorders

People with severe speech impairments who use text-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are forced to make less than optimal choices when delivering messages, resulting in communication that is flawed with respect to either the speed of message delivery or the appropriateness of message content. These choices involve a violation of one conversational rule to satisfy another. AAC system users have no guidance.in determining which of these trade-offs might be viewed more favorably by the general public. A theory, therefore, has been developed that identifies the effects of trade- offs between selected conversational rules, as well as the relative value of these rules, on attitudes of public service providers toward adult AAC users and their communication, such that choices leading to the most and least favorable assessments can be determined. The specific aim of this project is to test this theory of conversational trade-offs in AAC. This will be accomplished first by systematically exploring the effects of trade-offs between the rule pertaining to speed of message delivery and each of those pertaining to the appropriateness of message content with respect to informativeness (Experiment 1), relevance (Experiment 2), and redundancy (Experiment 3). This will provide a partial ordering of the rules when speed is one of the rules involved. Experiment 4 will then compare the effects of violations of informativeness, relevance, and redundancy to complete the goal of confirming the predicted hierarchy of these rules. A theory that explains and predicts outcomes of choices such as these would contribute to an understanding of AAC and of ways to optimize the success of AAC system users. This knowledge will guide clinicians in directing users in the selection of choices that yield the most positive evaluations by public service providers who can significantly contribute to the AAC system user's successful inclusion in society. This knowledge will also provide direction for future systems development. Although these choices most obviously apply to AAC, it is likely that people with other types of communicative disorders may encounter similar choices. The long-term goal of this research proposal, then, is to test the application of this theory as it relates to various subpopulations of AAC system users and other populations of atypical speakers in order to better understand the outcomes of flawed communication resulting from violations of conversational rules, and to use the results to develop appropriate technologies for aiding such populations. Schneider, jay W.

使用基于文本的辅助和替代通信（AAC）系统的严重言语障碍的人在传递消息时被迫做出不太理想的选择，导致在消息传递速度或消息内容的适当性方面存在缺陷的通信。这些选择涉及违反一个会话规则以满足另一个会话规则。AAC系统用户没有guidance.in来确定这些权衡中哪一个可能更受公众欢迎。因此，已经开发了一种理论，该理论识别了所选择的会话规则之间的权衡以及这些规则的相对值对公共服务提供者对成人AAC用户及其通信的态度的影响，使得可以确定导致最有利和最不利评估的选择。这个项目的具体目的是测试这个理论的会话权衡在AAC。这将首先通过系统地探索与消息传递速度有关的规则和与消息内容的信息性（实验1）、相关性（实验2）和冗余性（实验3）的适当性有关的规则之间的权衡来实现。当速度是所涉及的规则之一时，这将提供规则的部分排序。实验4将比较违反信息性，相关性和冗余的影响，以完成确认这些规则的预测层次的目标。一个解释和预测诸如此类选择结果的理论将有助于理解AAC和优化AAC系统用户成功的方法。这方面的知识将指导临床医生指导使用者选择能够得到公共服务提供者最积极评价的选择，这些公共服务提供者可以为AAC系统使用者成功融入社会做出重大贡献。这些知识也将为未来的系统开发提供方向。虽然这些选择最明显地适用于AAC，但患有其他类型的沟通障碍的人可能会遇到类似的选择。这项研究的长期目标是测试这一理论的应用，因为它涉及到AAC系统用户的各种亚群和其他人群的非典型扬声器，以更好地了解由于违反会话规则而导致的有缺陷的通信的结果，并使用结果来开发适当的技术来帮助这些人群。作者声明：Schneider，jay W.