Communicative Competence and the Use of Prestored Text

沟通能力和预存文本的使用

• 批准号: 6981790
• 负责人: JAN L BEDROSIAN
• 金额: $ 33.97万
• 依托单位: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6981790
• 关键词: assistive device /technology; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; communication behavior; communication disorder aid; evaluation /testing; human subject; quality of life; speech disorders

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant): People with severe speech impairments who use utterance-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are forced to make less than optimal choices when delivering messages, resulting in communication that is flawed with respect to either the speed of message delivery or the appropriateness of message content. These choices involve a violation of one conversational rule to satisfy another. A working model of conversational trade-off choices in AAC, developed and initially tested during the previous grant period, identifies the relative effects of specific trade-off choices involving selected rules on attitudes of public service providers toward adult AAC system users and their communication in a bookstore setting. A hierarchy of trade-off choices involving a particular degree of each rule violation emerged in this setting. The specific aim of the proposed research is to test the generalization of the obtained hierarchy across multiple degrees of violation within a given rule violation type and across multiple public settings. This will be accomplished first by an experiment seeking to determine whether altering the degrees of a given type of violation (i.e., redundancy, speed of message delivery, excessive information, inadequate information, and relevance) will change its position along the hierarchy. Next, a series of experiments will determine the extent to which the hierarchy generalizes to AAC interactions in five different public settings, each differing with respect to particular features. Participant contingent responses to the violations in each experiment will be obtained as an initial step in understanding how these violations are managed. Regardless of the variables to be evaluated, it is predicted that the same hierarchy of trade-off choices will be evident, such that some will have a more favorable effect than others on public attitudes toward AAC users and their communication. The findings will guide future systems development to support the strategies that will be most effective for the user and partner in dealing with rule violations, thereby significantly contributing to the user's success in achieving independence, acceptance, and inclusion in society. The findings will also contribute to advances in pragmatic theory. The long-term goal is to formulate a theory of conversational trade-off choices and repair in AAC to better understand the effects of deviant communicative behavior in situations where expectations of conventional behavior apply so that appropriate technologies for utterance-based systems can be developed.

产品说明：（申请人提供）：使用基于话语的增强和替代通信（AAC）系统的严重言语障碍的人被迫在传递消息时做出不太理想的选择，导致在消息传递速度或消息内容的适当性方面存在缺陷的通信。这些选择涉及违反一个会话规则以满足另一个会话规则。在AAC会话权衡选择的工作模式，开发和初步测试，在前一个赠款期间，确定了具体的权衡选择的相对影响，涉及选定的规则对成人AAC系统用户的态度，公共服务提供商和他们的沟通在书店设置。在这种情况下，出现了一个权衡选择的层次结构，涉及每个规则违反的特定程度。所提出的研究的具体目的是测试的泛化所获得的层次结构，在一个给定的规则违反类型和跨多个公共设置的多个程度的违反。这将首先通过一个实验来实现，该实验试图确定改变给定类型的违规的程度（即，冗余、消息传递的速度、过多的信息、不足的信息和相关性）将沿着层次结构改变其位置。接下来，一系列的实验将确定在何种程度上的层次概括到AAC的相互作用在五个不同的公共设置，每一个不同的特定功能。将获得参与者对每个实验中违规行为的应急反应，作为了解如何管理这些违规行为的第一步。不管要评估的变量，据预测，同样的层次结构的权衡选择将是显而易见的，这样，一些将有一个更有利的影响比其他公众对AAC用户和他们的沟通的态度。研究结果将指导未来的系统开发，以支持最有效的策略，为用户和合作伙伴在处理违规行为，从而显着促进用户的成功实现独立，接受和融入社会。研究结果也将有助于语用学理论的发展。长期的目标是制定一个理论的会话权衡选择和修复AAC更好地理解的情况下，常规行为的期望，适用于适当的技术，以话语为基础的系统，可以开发出偏差的交际行为的影响。