Nuclear Physics Equipment

核物理设备

• 批准号: ST/L005700/1
• 负责人: David Ireland
• 金额: $ 4.47万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL005700%2F1
• 关键词: Nuclear; Physics; Equipment

Approximately 98% of the mass of nucleons, and therefore of the visible universe, emerges from the interactions among their constituents, the quarks and gluons. The Higgs mechanism, which gives mass to the bare quarks, is responsible for only a small fraction of the nucleon mass. The confinement of quarks within mesons and baryons is a direct consequence of their fundamental interactions. The field theory of the strong nuclear force, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is now well established, and yet the phenomena described above cannot be understood from the QCD Lagrangian; they are emergent properties that arise from the unique complexity of these interactions. QCD is as yet intractable at the mass scale of nucleons and nuclei, so a clear picture of the fundamental nature of matter at these energies does not yet exist. However, this situation is set to change, and both theoretical and experimental developments in the coming decade are expected to revolutionise our understanding of nuclear matter within the context of QCD and the Standard Model. We have an ambitious plan of work that encompasses the development of research programmes from existing themes, possibilities for new physics measurements that have opened up recently, and the completion of physics projects from data that has been previously obtained. Our programme will build on the work of our previous consolidated grant and we will exploit the investment in manpower and equipment to address the current issues in our field at the highest possible level, at the world's top facilities. The challenges for the science programme are encapsulated by several key questions, which we group together as they roughly match the themes we have defined:* What is the mechanism for confining quarks and gluons in strongly interacting particles (hadrons)?* What is the structure of the proton and neutron, and how do hadrons get their mass and spin? * Can we understand the excitation spectra of hadrons from the quark-quark interaction? * Do exotic hadrons (multiquark states, hybrid mesons and glueballs) exist? * How do nuclear forces arise from QCD? * What is the equation of state of nuclear matter? * What is the nature of dark matter?We will address these questions by leading experimental programmes at two of the world's leading facilities:* Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia, USA (JLab)* MAMI, Mainz, Germany:

大约98%的核子质量，因此也就是可见宇宙的质量，来自于它们的组成部分夸克和胶子之间的相互作用。给予裸夸克质量的希格斯机制只对核子质量的一小部分负责。夸克在介子和重子中的禁闭是它们基本相互作用的直接结果。强核力的场论，量子色动力学(QCD)，现在已经很好地建立了，但上述现象不能用QCD拉格朗日来解释；它们是由于这些相互作用的独特复杂性而产生的新特性。到目前为止，QCD在核子和原子核的质量尺度上还很难处理，所以在这些能量下物质的基本性质还不存在一个清晰的图景。然而，这种情况将会改变，未来十年的理论和实验发展预计将彻底改变我们对QCD和标准模型中的核物质的理解。我们有一个雄心勃勃的工作计划，其中包括根据现有主题制定研究方案，最近开启新的物理测量的可能性，以及根据以前获得的数据完成物理项目。我们的方案将在以前综合赠款工作的基础上再接再厉，我们将利用对人力和设备的投资，以尽可能高的水平、在世界一流的设施中解决本领域目前的问题。科学计划的挑战被几个关键问题概括起来，我们将它们归类，因为它们大致符合我们定义的主题：*什么机制将夸克和胶子限制在强相互作用粒子(强子)中？*质子和中子的结构是什么，强子是如何获得它们的质量和自旋的？*我们能从夸克-夸克相互作用中理解强子的激发光谱吗？*奇异的强子(多夸克态，混合介子和胶球)存在吗？*核力是如何从QCD中产生的？*核物质的状态方程是什么？*暗物质的性质是什么？我们将通过在两个世界领先的设施中领导实验计划来解决这些问题：*杰斐逊实验室，纽波特新闻，美国弗吉尼亚州(JLab)*Mami，美因茨，德国：