Consolidated Solar and Astrophysics Research at UCLan

这项综合赠款提案汇集了中央兰开夏大学耶利米·霍罗克斯研究所(JHI)在太阳物理、恒星天体物理、银河系天体物理和银河系外天体物理等关键研究领域的研究成果。在所有这些领域，我们将在天体物理研究的前沿解决关键的科学问题。在太阳物理领域，我们将研究一些问题，例如在我们理解日冕、光球层和色球之间的界面时包括准确的模型，以便对太阳日冕加热问题提供定量的见解。我们将模拟太阳高能粒子(SEP)在日光层中的运动，以研究SEP从太阳到地球的运输。这将联系到太阳喷发事件和SEP传输之间的关系的研究，这反过来将使我们能够对空间天气对地球的影响做出更准确的预测。我们还将研究太阳黑子的自转，并了解是什么原因导致它们自转，以发现旋转的耀斑和太阳黑子在多大程度上导致太阳喷发。在另一项研究中，我们将发现太阳系中的行星对黄道云的形成有什么影响。在恒星天体物理学领域，我们将解决目前恒星形成中的一些悬而未决的关键问题，特别是围绕前恒星核心的形成、结构和演化的问题。这一点很重要，因为人们认为核心质量函数和恒星初始质量函数(IMF)之间存在联系。按照计划，这将使我们对IMF本身的起源有一个真正的实际了解。作为这项研究的一部分，我们将研究湍流和磁场在恒星形成中的作用。我们还将研究原恒星周围圆盘的演化和双星对行星形成的影响，并对原恒星周围圆盘中巨型行星的迁移进行建模，以了解恒星光度和圆盘性质如何影响这一过程。我们还将使用开普勒数据来探索和了解氢燃烧主序恒星的内部角动量传输。在银河系和银河系外天体物理领域，我们计划测量星系中恒星群体的年龄和丰度模式，以了解恒星形成的时间和地点。我们将模拟银河系盘中恒星形成系统的物理过程，以便对恒星在银河盘中的迁移进行定量预测。这一领域的总体目标之一是推断银河系的质量聚集，从而了解整个银河系的形成和演化。在外部星系中，为了更好地理解这些高能现象，我们将开发星系外喷流中的再准直激波模拟，以包括额外的物理和现实条件。我们将解决类星体中的FeII问题，最后我们将研究明显超过均匀尺度极限的超大类星体群，以开始了解宇宙的最大尺度。

This consolidated grant proposal brings together research within the Jeremiah Horrocks Institute (JHI) of the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) in the key research areas of solar physics, stellar astrophysics, Galactic astrophysics, and extra-Galactic astrophysics. In all of these areas, we will be addressing key science questions at the cutting edge of astrophysical research. Some examples of these are given here.In the area of solar physics we will look at issues such as including accurate modelling in our understanding of the interface between the solar corona, photosphere and chromosphere, in order to provide quantitative insight into the solar coronal heating problem. We will simulate the motions of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the heliosphere in order to study SEP transport from the Sun to the Earth. This will link into a study of the relation between solar eruptive events and SEP transport, which in turn will allow us to make more accurate predictions of space weather effects on the Earth. We will also study the rotation of sunspots and understand what causes them to rotate, in order to discover to what extent rotating flares and sunspots lead to solar eruptions. In another study we will discover what effect planets in our solar system have in shaping the zodiacal cloud.In the area of stellar astrophysics, we will solve some of the currently unanswered key questions in star formation, particularly those surrounding the formation, structure and evolution of prestellar cores. This is important, because there is believed to be a link between the core mass function and the stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF). It is planned that this will lead us to a true physical understanding of the origin of the IMF itself. As part of this study we will look at the roles of turbulence and magnetic fields in star formation. We will also study the evolution of discs around protostars and the effects of binarity on planet formation, and model the migration of giant planets in discs around protostars to see how this is affected by stellar luminosity and the properties of the disc. We will also use Kepler data to explore and understand internal angular momentum transport in hydrogen-burning, main-sequence stars.In the areas of Galactic and extra-Galactic astrophysics we plan to measure the ages and abundance patterns of stellar populations in galaxies, to understand when and where the stars formed. We will model physical processes in star-forming systems within the disc of a galaxy in order to develop quantitative predictions for stellar migration in the Milky Way disc. One of the overall goals in this area is to infer the mass assembly of the Milky Way, and hence to understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way as a whole. In external galaxies we will develop recollimation shock simulations in extra-galactic jets to include additional physics and realistic conditions, in order to better understand these highly energetic phenomena. We will resolve the FeII problem in quasars, and finally we will study ultra-large quasar groups that apparently exceed the homogeneity scale limit, to begin to understand the Universe on its largest scales.