ACCURACY OF RECALL OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

智力低下儿童的回忆准确性

• 批准号: 6331254
• 负责人: Maggie Bruck
• 金额: $ 37.58万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6331254
• 关键词: age difference; audiotape; child psychology; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; memory; mental retardation; middle childhood (6-11); psychological tests; social conformity; suggestion; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION: In most theoretical models, memory mechanisms involved in encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, as well as psychosocial characteristics associated with compliance and acquiescence are assumed to play an important causative role in autobiographical recall and suggestibility. Because children with mental retardation (MR) display a number of basic memory deficits and are also often compliant and acquiescent, they should have poor recall of their past and be highly suggestible. However, little is known about these aspects of memory in children with MR. The present proposal attempts to fill in these gaps by drawing on the substantial developmental literature on the accuracy of recall of personally experienced events and the suggestive factors that distort the recall of children with normal intelligence. Two longitudinal, cross-sectional studies, with similar designs are proposed. In both studies recall and suggestibility of children between the ages of 7 and 10 with mild retardation with no known etiology (idiopathic) will be compared to children with normal intelligence who are either matched for chronological or for mental age. Study 1 examines autobiographical recall and misinformation effects. Study 2 examines autobiographical recall and interrogative suggestibility. In both studies, children participate in a staged event. At various delay periods after the event, children recall the event and are also suggestively interviewed. Traditional memory tasks and social compliance tasks are also administered. The data will be analyzed to examine (a) the completeness and accuracy of recall of children with MR, (b) suggestibility of children with MR, (c) developmental changes in recall and suggestibility of children with MR, and (d) the relationships between traditional memory tests and tests of compliance with suggestibility and autobiographical recall. The results of the study will address important clinical concerns and theoretical issues. First, they will provide medical, forensic, mental health and educational professionals with scientific data on the interviewing strategies that allow children with MR to provide the most accurate and complete accounts of their past experiences. The results will begin to provide a scientific foundation for the construction of standardized schedules or guidelines for interviewing children with MR about their past experiences. At present, no such instruments exist. On a theoretical level, the results of the study will provide data on the role that cognitive and psychosocial factors play in autobiographical memory and suggestibility.

描述：在大多数理论模型中，记忆机制涉及 信息的编码、存储和检索，以及心理社会 假设与合规性和默许相关的特征发挥作用 在自传体回忆和暗示性中起着重要的因果作用。 因为智力低下（MR）儿童表现出一些基本记忆能力 赤字，而且往往也顺从和默许，他们应该有贫穷的 回忆起他们的过去并极易受到暗示。然而，人们对此知之甚少 MR 儿童记忆的这些方面。本提案试图 通过借鉴大量的发展文献来填补这些空白 回忆个人经历过的事件和暗示的准确性 扭曲智力正常儿童的记忆的因素。 提出了两项​​具有相似设计的纵向、横断面研究。 在这两项研究中，7 岁至 7 岁儿童的回忆力和暗示性 将比较 10 名患有轻度迟钝且病因不明（特发性）的患者 智力正常且与时间顺序相匹配的儿童 或心理年龄。研究 1 检查自传回忆和错误信息 影响。研究 2 检查自传回忆和疑问 暗示性。在这两项研究中，孩子们都参加了一场舞台活动。在 事件发生后的各种延迟期，孩子们会回忆起该事件，并且也会 暗示性地接受采访。传统记忆任务和社会责任任务 也被管理。将分析数据以检查 (a) MR 儿童回忆的完整性和准确性，(b) 患有 MR 的儿童，(c) 记忆力和暗示性方面的发展变化 患有 MR 的儿童，以及 (d) 传统记忆测试之间的关系 以及对暗示性和自传体回忆的依从性测试。 该研究的结果将解决重要的临床问题和 理论问题。首先，他们将提供医疗、法医、心理健康服务 以及拥有科学访谈数据的教育专业人士 允许患有 MR 的儿童提供最准确和最准确的策略 完整地叙述了他们过去的经历。结果将开始提供 构建标准化时间表的科学基础或 采访 MR 儿童关于他们过去经历的指南。在 目前，尚不存在这样的文书。在理论层面上，研究结果 研究将提供有关认知和心理社会因素的作用的数据 发挥自传体记忆和暗示性。