ACCURACY OF RECALL OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

智力低下儿童的回忆准确性

• 批准号: 6591973
• 负责人: Maggie Bruck
• 金额: $ 14.13万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6591973
• 关键词: age difference; audiotape; child psychology; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; memory; mental retardation; middle childhood (6-11); psychological tests; social conformity; suggestion; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION: In most theoretical models, memory mechanisms involved in encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, as well as psychosocial characteristics associated with compliance and acquiescence are assumed to play an important causative role in autobiographical recall and suggestibility. Because children with mental retardation (MR) display a number of basic memory deficits and are also often compliant and acquiescent, they should have poor recall of their past and be highly suggestible. However, little is known about these aspects of memory in children with MR. The present proposal attempts to fill in these gaps by drawing on the substantial developmental literature on the accuracy of recall of personally experienced events and the suggestive factors that distort the recall of children with normal intelligence. Two longitudinal, cross-sectional studies, with similar designs are proposed. In both studies recall and suggestibility of children between the ages of 7 and 10 with mild retardation with no known etiology (idiopathic) will be compared to children with normal intelligence who are either matched for chronological or for mental age. Study 1 examines autobiographical recall and misinformation effects. Study 2 examines autobiographical recall and interrogative suggestibility. In both studies, children participate in a staged event. At various delay periods after the event, children recall the event and are also suggestively interviewed. Traditional memory tasks and social compliance tasks are also administered. The data will be analyzed to examine (a) the completeness and accuracy of recall of children with MR, (b) suggestibility of children with MR, (c) developmental changes in recall and suggestibility of children with MR, and (d) the relationships between traditional memory tests and tests of compliance with suggestibility and autobiographical recall. The results of the study will address important clinical concerns and theoretical issues. First, they will provide medical, forensic, mental health and educational professionals with scientific data on the interviewing strategies that allow children with MR to provide the most accurate and complete accounts of their past experiences. The results will begin to provide a scientific foundation for the construction of standardized schedules or guidelines for interviewing children with MR about their past experiences. At present, no such instruments exist. On a theoretical level, the results of the study will provide data on the role that cognitive and psychosocial factors play in autobiographical memory and suggestibility.

描述：在大多数理论模型中，记忆机制涉及 信息的编码、存储和检索，以及心理社会 与顺从和默许相关的特征被认为是起作用的 在自传式回忆和暗示性中起重要作用。 因为智力低下(MR)的儿童表现出许多基本的记忆 赤字也往往是顺从和默许的，他们应该有穷 回忆他们的过去，并高度暗示。然而，人们对此知之甚少。 患有先生的儿童记忆的这些方面本提案试图 通过利用大量的发展文献来填补这些空白 亲身经历事件和暗示性事件回忆的准确性 影响智力正常儿童回忆能力的因素。 提出了两项类似设计的纵向、横断面研究。 在这两项研究中，7岁至7岁儿童的回忆和暗示能力 10例病因不明(特发性)的轻度发育迟缓患者将进行比较。 对于智力正常的孩子来说，他们要么按时间顺序匹配 或者对于精神年龄来说。研究1考察自传体回忆和错误信息 效果。研究2考察自传体回忆和疑问句 易受暗示。在这两项研究中，孩子们都参加了一项分阶段的活动。在… 事件发生后的各种延迟期，孩子们回忆起事件并也 暗示性的采访。传统记忆任务和社会顺从性任务 也会被注射。将对数据进行分析，以检查(A) 记忆障碍儿童回忆的完整性和准确性，(B)暗示性 患有精神发育迟缓的儿童，(C)记忆力和暗示能力的发展变化 与(D)传统记忆测试之间的关系 以及对暗示性和自传性回忆的遵从性测试。 这项研究的结果将解决重要的临床问题和 理论问题。首先，他们将提供医疗、法医和心理健康 和教育专业人士在采访中提供科学数据 使患有MR的儿童能够提供最准确和 对他们过去经历的完整描述。结果将开始提供 构建标准化时间表的科学基础或 采访患有MR的儿童有关他们过去经历的指导方针。在… 目前，不存在这样的工具。在理论层面上， 研究将提供关于认知和心理社会因素的作用的数据 发挥自传体记忆和暗示性。