Cosmology, Gravitation and Astrophysics at Portsmouth

朴茨茅斯的宇宙学、引力和天体物理学

• 批准号: ST/S000550/1
• 负责人: David Bacon
• 金额: $ 268.46万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS000550%2F1
• 关键词: Cosmology; Gravitation; Astrophysics; Portsmouth

This consolidated grant will support research in cosmology, gravitation and astrophysics at the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG) in the University of Portsmouth. The ICG was formed in 2002 through a strategic investment from the university, and now hosts more than 60 researchers making it one of the largest extragalactic astronomy groups in the UK. Portsmouth was ranked 8th in terms of quality of physics research outputs in the Research Excellence Framework 2014.Cosmology and astrophysics are experiencing a golden age of discovery driven by new astronomical surveys and theoretical advances, and the recent detection of gravitational waves from inspiralling black holes and neutron stars. However, we still face three fundamental challenges before a more complete model of the Universe can be achieved: i) What are the properties of the "dark matter" and "dark energy" that make up 96% of the Universe? ii) How do galaxies form and evolve? iii) What is the origin, and statistical nature, of structures in the Universe? This grant will address these fundamental problems through pioneering theoretical work and the use of new surveys of the sky to map billions of distant galaxies. Galaxies are the "building blocks" of the Universe and as well as studying how they form, we will use the galaxies to improve our understanding of cosmology. We will exploit current and forthcoming galaxy surveys like DES, LSST, 4MOST, SDSS, DESI and Euclid to quantify the Universe using complementary probes such as the clustering of galaxies, supernovae and weak gravitational lensing. These data will be complemented with new gravitational wave observations from the LIGO and VIRGO experiments. Precise cosmological models will be constructed and analysed, and simulated with Portsmouth's SCIAMA supercomputer. These models will be compared to data to reveal the true nature of the Universe. Our work will help us understand and measure the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire history. We will use standard candles, such as supernovae, and standard rulers, such as baryon acoustic oscillations in the galaxy correlation functions, to chart the cosmic expansion over time. We will study how quantum fluctuations in the very early universe may be stretched by cosmic inflation to astronomical scales, leaving their imprint in the distribution of light and matter in the universe today. We will also explore the characteristic imprint of Einstein's general relativity or alternative gravity theories in shaping the evolution of structure in our Universe. Additionally, our analyses will shed light on the properties of dark matter, which we can "see" via gravity but which does not interact like normal matter. We will obtain a fuller understanding of the characteristics of galaxies throughout cosmic time. We will study the origin of the supermassive black holes at the centre of primeval galaxies and the first quasars, and trace their merger history through the detection of gravitational waves. We will use astronomical surveys to understand how galaxies form by studying their stellar contents in ever greater detail. ICG staff are committed to engaging the public in their research, e.g., "Entropy", which is an immersive art performance based on cosmology, and online citizen science projects like Supernova Hunter and Gravity Spy. In addition, our staff visit many local schools and colleges, and run an annual Stargazing event at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard for hundreds of participants. We also seek innovation from our research, using our skills and experiences to develop novel solutions to everyday problems, e.g. detecting faulty smart meters, improving emergency room care, and training the next generation of data scientists.

该合并的赠款将支持朴次茅斯大学宇宙学与重力研究所（ICG）的宇宙学，引力和天体物理学的研究。 ICG是通过大学的一项战略投资成立的，现在拥有60多名研究人员，使其成为英国最大的贸易外天文学群体之一。朴茨茅斯在2014年研究卓越框架中的物理研究成果方面排名第八。《 2014年研究框架》。《宇宙学》和天体物理学正在经历新的天文学调查和理论进步所驱动的发现的黄金时代，以及最近从鼓舞人心的黑洞和中子星星发现重力浪潮的发现。但是，在实现更完整的宇宙模型之前，我们仍然面临三个基本挑战：i）占宇宙96％的“暗物质”和“暗能量”的特性是什么？ ii）星系如何形成和发展？ iii）宇宙中结构的起源和统计性质是什么？这项赠款将通过开创性的理论工作以及使用新的天空调查来绘制数十亿个遥远的星系来解决这些基本问题。星系是宇宙的“基础”，也是研究它们的形成方式，我们将使用星系来提高我们对宇宙学的理解。我们将利用DES，LSST，4，SDSS，DESI和Euclid等电流和即将进行的星系调查来使用互补探针（例如星系聚类，超新星和弱重力透镜）来量化宇宙。这些数据将与来自Ligo和处女座实验的新重力波观测相辅相成。将构建和分析精确的宇宙学模型，并使用朴茨茅斯的Sciona超级计算机进行模拟。这些模型将与数据进行比较，以揭示宇宙的真实性质。我们的工作将有助于我们在整个历史上理解和衡量宇宙的演变。我们将使用标准蜡烛，例如超新星和标准统治者，例如银河相关函数中的baryon声学振荡，以随着时间的推移来绘制宇宙扩张。我们将研究早期宇宙中的量子波动如何通过宇宙膨胀到天文尺度来扩展，从而在当今的宇宙中的光和物质分布中留下了烙印。我们还将探讨爱因斯坦一般相对论或替代性重力理论的特征印记，以塑造我们宇宙中结构的演变。此外，我们的分析将阐明暗物质的特性，我们可以通过重力“看到”，但不会像正常物质那样相互作用。我们将对整个宇宙时间的星系特征有更深入的了解。我们将研究原始星系中心和第一个类星体的超大黑洞的起源，并通过检测引力波追踪其合并历史。我们将使用天文学调查来了解星系如何通过更详细地研究其恒星内容来理解星系的形成。 ICG员工致力于让公众参与他们的研究，例如“熵”，这是基于宇宙学的身临其境的艺术表现，以及在线公民科学项目，例如Supernova Hunter and Gravity Spy。此外，我们的员工访问了许多当地学校和大学，并在朴次茅斯历史遗传造船厂举办年度观星活动，为数百名参与者举办。我们还从研究中寻求创新，利用我们的技能和经验为日常问题开发新颖的解决方案，例如检测智能电表有故障，改善急诊室护理以及培训下一代数据科学家。

项目成果

Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015–2017 LIGO Data

2015 年至 2017 年 LIGO 数据中对已知脉冲星两次谐波的引力波的搜索

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab20cb
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

Erratum: "Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO Data" (2019, ApJ, 879, 10)

勘误：“在 2015-2017 年 LIGO 数据中搜索已知脉冲星两次谐波的引力波”(2019, ApJ, 879, 10)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3231
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott B

Tests of general relativity with the binary black hole signals from the LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.104036
• 发表时间: 2019-11-20
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.

Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.064064
• 发表时间: 2019-09-30
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Papa, M. A.
• 通讯作者: Papa, M. A.

Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3800
• 发表时间: 2019-09-10
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.