Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation at Portsmouth 2022-2025

朴茨茅斯天体物理学、宇宙学和引力 2022-2025

• 批准号: ST/W001225/1
• 负责人: Robert Crittenden
• 金额: $ 144.79万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW001225%2F1
• 关键词: Astrophysics; Cosmology; Gravitation; Portsmouth; 2022

This consolidated grant will support research in astrophysics, cosmology, and gravitation at the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG) in the University of Portsmouth. The ICG was formed in 2002 through a strategic investment from the university and now hosts more than 60 researchers making it one of the largest extragalactic astronomy groups in the UK. Portsmouth was ranked 8th in terms of quality of physics research outputs in the Research Excellence Framework 2014.Cosmology and astrophysics are experiencing a golden age of discovery-driven by new astronomical surveys and theoretical advances, and the recent detection of gravitational waves from inspiralling black holes and neutron stars. However, we still face three fundamental challenges before a more complete model of the Universe can be achieved: i) What are the properties of the "dark matter" and "dark energy" that make up 96% of the Universe? ii) How do galaxies form and evolve? iii) What is the origin, and statistical nature, of structures in the Universe? This grant will address these fundamental problems through pioneering theoretical work and the use of new surveys of the sky to map billions of distant galaxies. Galaxies are the "building blocks" of the Universe and as well as studying how they form, we will use the galaxies to improve our understanding of cosmology. We will exploit current and forthcoming galaxy surveys like DESI, 4MOST, SDSS, the Vera Rubin Observatory and Euclid to quantify the Universe using complementary probes such as the clustering of galaxies, supernovae and weak gravitational lensing. These data will be complemented with new gravitational wave observations from the LIGO and VIRGO experiments. Precise cosmological models will be constructed and analysed and simulated with Portsmouth's SCIAMA supercomputer. These models will be compared to data to reveal the true nature of the Universe. Our work will help us understand and measure the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire history. We will bring together constraints from several cosmological probes, combining measurements from weak lensing, galaxy clustering, supernovae and HI intensity mapping to chart the cosmic expansion and structure formation over time. We will study how quantum fluctuations in the very early universe may be stretched by cosmic inflation to astronomical scales, leaving their imprint in the distribution of light and matter in the universe today. We will also explore the characteristic imprint of Einstein's general relativity or alternative gravity theories in shaping the evolution of structure in our Universe. Additionally, our analyses will shed light on the properties of dark matter, which we can "see" via gravity but which does not interact like normal matter. We will obtain a fuller understanding of the characteristics of galaxies throughout cosmic time. We will study the origin of the supermassive black holes at the centre of primaeval galaxies and the first quasars, and trace their merger history through the detection of gravitational waves. We will use astronomical surveys to understand how galaxies form by studying their stellar contents in ever greater detail.ICG staff are committed to engaging the public in their research, e.g., online citizens science projects like Supernova Hunter and Gravity Spy. In addition, our staff visit many local schools and colleges, and run an annual Stargazing event at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard for hundreds of participants. We also seek innovation from our research, using our skills and experiences to develop novel solutions to everyday problems, e.g. detecting faulty smart meters, improving emergency room care, and training the next generation of data scientists.

这项合并的赠款将支持朴次茅斯大学宇宙学与重力研究所（ICG）的天体物理学，宇宙学和重力研究。 ICG是通过大学的一项战略投资成立的，现在拥有60多名研究人员，使其成为英国最大的贸易天文学群体之一。在2014年研究卓越框架中，朴茨茅斯在物理研究成果方面排名第八。《 2014年研究框架》。《城市学和天体物理学》正在经历由新的天文学调查和理论进步驱动的黄金时代，以及最近从激动人心的黑洞和中子星星中发现重力波。但是，在实现更完整的宇宙模型之前，我们仍然面临三个基本挑战：i）占宇宙96％的“暗物质”和“暗能量”的特性是什么？ ii）星系如何形成和发展？ iii）宇宙中结构的起源和统计性质是什么？这项赠款将通过开创性的理论工作以及使用新的天空调查来绘制数十亿个遥远的星系来解决这些基本问题。星系是宇宙的“基础”，也是研究它们的形成方式，我们将使用星系来提高我们对宇宙学的理解。我们将使用互补的探针（例如星系聚类，超新星和弱重力镜片的聚类）来利用诸如DESI，4个，SDSS，Vera Rubin天文台和欧几里得等电流和即将进行的星系调查。这些数据将与来自Ligo和处女座实验的新重力波观测相辅相成。将使用朴茨茅斯的Sciona超级计算机来构建和分析精确的宇宙学模型。这些模型将与数据进行比较，以揭示宇宙的真实性质。我们的工作将有助于我们在整个历史上理解和衡量宇宙的演变。我们将从几个宇宙学探针中汇总出约束，结合了弱透镜，星系聚类，超新星和HI强度映射的测量，以绘制宇宙膨胀和结构形成的时间。我们将研究早期宇宙中的量子波动如何通过宇宙膨胀到天文尺度来扩展，从而在当今的宇宙中的光和物质分布中留下了烙印。我们还将探讨爱因斯坦一般相对论或替代性重力理论的特征印记，以塑造我们宇宙中结构的演变。此外，我们的分析将阐明暗物质的特性，我们可以通过重力“看到”，但不会像正常物质那样相互作用。我们将对整个宇宙时间的星系特征有更深入的了解。我们将研究Primaeval星系中心和第一个类星体的超质量黑洞的起源，并通过检测引力波追踪其合并历史。我们将使用天文学调查来通过更详细地研究其恒星内容来了解​​星系的形成。ICG员工致力于让公众参与他们的研究，例如，在线公民科学项目，例如Supernova Hunter and Gravity Spy。此外，我们的员工访问了许多当地学校和大学，并在朴次茅斯历史遗传造船厂举办年度观星活动，为数百名参与者举办。我们还从研究中寻求创新，利用我们的技能和经验为日常问题开发新颖的解决方案，例如检测智能电表有故障，改善急诊室护理以及培训下一代数据科学家。

项目成果

Designing an Optimal Kilonova Search Using DECam for Gravitational-wave Events

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad0462
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Bom;J. Annis;A. Garcia;A. Palmese;N. Sherman;M. Soares-Santos;L. Santana-Silva;R. Morgan;K. Bechtol;T. Davis;H. Diehl;S. Allam;T. Bachmann;B. Fraga;J. García-Bellido;M. Gill;K. Herner;C. Kilpatrick;M. Makler;E. F.Olivares;M. Pereira;J. Pineda;A. Santos;D. Tucker;M. Wiesner;M. Aguena;O. Alves;D. Bacon;P. Bernardinelli;E. Bertin;S. Bocquet;D. Brooks;M. Kind;J. Carretero;C. Conselice;M. Costanzi;L. Costa;J. Vicente;S. Desai;P. Doel;S. Everett;I. Ferrero;J. Frieman;M. Gatti;D. Gerdes;D. Gruen;R. Gruendl;G. Gutiérrez;S. Hinton;D. Hollowood;K. Honscheid;D. James;K. Kuehn;N. Kuropatkin;Peter Melchior;J. Mena-Fernández;F. Menanteau;A. Pieres;A. P. Malagón;M. Raveri;M. Rodríguez-Monroy;E. Sanchez;B. Santiago;I. Sevilla-Noarbe;M. Smith;E. Suchyta;M. Swanson;G. Tarlé;C. To;N. Weaverdyck

Euclid : Forecasts from the void-lensing cross-correlation

Euclid：空透镜互相关的预测

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244445
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Bonici M

Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

激光干涉仪空间天线的宇宙学

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2204.05434
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Auclair Pierre

Beyond the 3rd moment: a practical study of using lensing convergence CDFs for cosmology with DES Y3

超越第三矩：使用透镜会聚 CDF 与 DES Y3 进行宇宙学的实际研究

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3118
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Anbajagane D

Cosmic flexion

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.123521
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Evan J. Arena;D. Goldberg;D. Bacon