Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation at Portsmouth 2022-2025

朴茨茅斯天体物理学、宇宙学和引力 2022-2025

• 批准号: ST/W001225/1
• 负责人: Robert Crittenden
• 金额: $ 144.79万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW001225%2F1
• 关键词: Astrophysics; Cosmology; Gravitation; Portsmouth; 2022

This consolidated grant will support research in astrophysics, cosmology, and gravitation at the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG) in the University of Portsmouth. The ICG was formed in 2002 through a strategic investment from the university and now hosts more than 60 researchers making it one of the largest extragalactic astronomy groups in the UK. Portsmouth was ranked 8th in terms of quality of physics research outputs in the Research Excellence Framework 2014.Cosmology and astrophysics are experiencing a golden age of discovery-driven by new astronomical surveys and theoretical advances, and the recent detection of gravitational waves from inspiralling black holes and neutron stars. However, we still face three fundamental challenges before a more complete model of the Universe can be achieved: i) What are the properties of the "dark matter" and "dark energy" that make up 96% of the Universe? ii) How do galaxies form and evolve? iii) What is the origin, and statistical nature, of structures in the Universe? This grant will address these fundamental problems through pioneering theoretical work and the use of new surveys of the sky to map billions of distant galaxies. Galaxies are the "building blocks" of the Universe and as well as studying how they form, we will use the galaxies to improve our understanding of cosmology. We will exploit current and forthcoming galaxy surveys like DESI, 4MOST, SDSS, the Vera Rubin Observatory and Euclid to quantify the Universe using complementary probes such as the clustering of galaxies, supernovae and weak gravitational lensing. These data will be complemented with new gravitational wave observations from the LIGO and VIRGO experiments. Precise cosmological models will be constructed and analysed and simulated with Portsmouth's SCIAMA supercomputer. These models will be compared to data to reveal the true nature of the Universe. Our work will help us understand and measure the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire history. We will bring together constraints from several cosmological probes, combining measurements from weak lensing, galaxy clustering, supernovae and HI intensity mapping to chart the cosmic expansion and structure formation over time. We will study how quantum fluctuations in the very early universe may be stretched by cosmic inflation to astronomical scales, leaving their imprint in the distribution of light and matter in the universe today. We will also explore the characteristic imprint of Einstein's general relativity or alternative gravity theories in shaping the evolution of structure in our Universe. Additionally, our analyses will shed light on the properties of dark matter, which we can "see" via gravity but which does not interact like normal matter. We will obtain a fuller understanding of the characteristics of galaxies throughout cosmic time. We will study the origin of the supermassive black holes at the centre of primaeval galaxies and the first quasars, and trace their merger history through the detection of gravitational waves. We will use astronomical surveys to understand how galaxies form by studying their stellar contents in ever greater detail.ICG staff are committed to engaging the public in their research, e.g., online citizens science projects like Supernova Hunter and Gravity Spy. In addition, our staff visit many local schools and colleges, and run an annual Stargazing event at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard for hundreds of participants. We also seek innovation from our research, using our skills and experiences to develop novel solutions to everyday problems, e.g. detecting faulty smart meters, improving emergency room care, and training the next generation of data scientists.

这笔综合赠款将支持朴茨茅斯大学宇宙学和引力研究所 (ICG) 的天体物理学、宇宙学和引力研究。 ICG 成立于 2002 年，由该大学战略投资，目前拥有 60 多名研究人员，使其成为英国最大的河外天文学团体之一。朴茨茅斯在 2014 年研究卓越框架中的物理研究成果质量排名第 8。在新的天文调查和理论进步以及最近对来自吸入黑洞和中子星的引力波的探测推动下，宇宙学和天体物理学正在经历一个发现的黄金时代。然而，在实现更完整的宇宙模型之前，我们仍然面临三个基本挑战： i) 构成宇宙 96% 的“暗物质”和“暗能量”有哪些特性？ ii) 星系是如何形成和演化的？ iii) 宇宙结构的起源和统计性质是什么？这笔赠款将通过开创性的理论工作和利用新的天空调查来绘制数十亿个遥远星系的地图来解决这些基本问题。星系是宇宙的“基石”，除了研究它们是如何形成的之外，我们还将利用星系来增进我们对宇宙学的理解。我们将利用当前和即将进行的星系调查，如 DESI、4MOST、SDSS、维拉鲁宾天文台和欧几里得，使用星系团、超新星和弱引力透镜等互补探针来量化宇宙。这些数据将得到 LIGO 和 VIRGO 实验的新引力波观测的补充。将使用朴茨茅斯的 SCIAMA 超级计算机构建、分析和模拟精确的宇宙学模型。这些模型将与数据进行比较，以揭示宇宙的真实本质。我们的工作将帮助我们理解和衡量宇宙在整个历史中的演化。我们将汇集来自多个宇宙学探测器的约束，结合弱透镜、星系团、超新星和 HI 强度映射的测量结果，以绘制随时间推移的宇宙膨胀和结构形成图。我们将研究极早期宇宙中的量子涨落如何被宇宙膨胀延伸到天文尺度，并在当今宇宙中光和物质的分布中留下印记。我们还将探索爱因斯坦广义相对论或替代引力理论在塑造宇宙结构演化方面的特征印记。此外，我们的分析将揭示暗物质的特性，我们可以通过引力“看到”暗物质，但它不会像正常物质那样相互作用。我们将对整个宇宙时间内星系的特征有更全面的了解。我们将研究原始星系中心的超大质量黑洞和第一个类星体的起源，并通过引力波探测来追踪它们的合并历史。我们将利用天文调查，通过更详细地研究星系的恒星成分来了解星系是如何形成的。ICG 工作人员致力于让公众参与他们的研究，例如“超新星猎人”和“重力间谍”等在线公民科学项目。此外，我们的工作人员还参观了许多当地的学校和学院，并在朴茨茅斯历史造船厂举办了一年一度的观星活动，吸引了数百名参与者。我们还从研究中寻求创新，利用我们的技能和经验为日常问题开发新颖的解决方案，例如检测有故障的智能电表、改善急诊室护理以及培训下一代数据科学家。

项目成果

Designing an Optimal Kilonova Search Using DECam for Gravitational-wave Events

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad0462
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Bom;J. Annis;A. Garcia;A. Palmese;N. Sherman;M. Soares-Santos;L. Santana-Silva;R. Morgan;K. Bechtol;T. Davis;H. Diehl;S. Allam;T. Bachmann;B. Fraga;J. García-Bellido;M. Gill;K. Herner;C. Kilpatrick;M. Makler;E. F.Olivares;M. Pereira;J. Pineda;A. Santos;D. Tucker;M. Wiesner;M. Aguena;O. Alves;D. Bacon;P. Bernardinelli;E. Bertin;S. Bocquet;D. Brooks;M. Kind;J. Carretero;C. Conselice;M. Costanzi;L. Costa;J. Vicente;S. Desai;P. Doel;S. Everett;I. Ferrero;J. Frieman;M. Gatti;D. Gerdes;D. Gruen;R. Gruendl;G. Gutiérrez;S. Hinton;D. Hollowood;K. Honscheid;D. James;K. Kuehn;N. Kuropatkin;Peter Melchior;J. Mena-Fernández;F. Menanteau;A. Pieres;A. P. Malagón;M. Raveri;M. Rodríguez-Monroy;E. Sanchez;B. Santiago;I. Sevilla-Noarbe;M. Smith;E. Suchyta;M. Swanson;G. Tarlé;C. To;N. Weaverdyck

Euclid : Forecasts from the void-lensing cross-correlation

Euclid：空透镜互相关的预测

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244445
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Bonici M

Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

激光干涉仪空间天线的宇宙学

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2204.05434
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Auclair Pierre

Cosmic flexion

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.123521
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Evan J. Arena;D. Goldberg;D. Bacon

Beyond the 3rd moment: a practical study of using lensing convergence CDFs for cosmology with DES Y3

超越第三矩：使用透镜会聚 CDF 与 DES Y3 进行宇宙学的实际研究

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3118
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Anbajagane D