The study of elementary particles and their interactions (Consolidated Grant 2019 - 2022)

这笔拨款是为了继续该小组对基本粒子性质和自然基本力量的研究计划。这项拨款的主要目的之一是支持大型强子对撞机实验的开发，这些实验将在拨款期间收集数据。继2012年成功发现希格斯粒子后，CMS实验将继续测量希格斯粒子。它还将能够扩展参数空间，以搜索超对称性和其他新现象，如寻找潜在暗物质候选者的证据。LHCb实验将提供标准模型的补充测试，以及在味道物理中寻找极其罕见的衰变和测量B介子衰变中的CP不对称性的能力，这两者都对新物理学的贡献很敏感。该小组还将积极为LHC的高亮度升级准备下一代探测器。T2K长基线中微子实验将使我们能够扩展我们对中微子扇区质量和混合的理解，并应提供中微子扇区CP违反的关键指示。SoLid实验将在整个拨款期间收集数据，并应解决非常短的基线中微子异常。中微子之谜的另一个缺失部分是中微子是否是自身的反粒子。我们正在准备SuperNEMO实验，试图确定中微子是否是马约拉纳粒子，第一次数据采集将在拨款期间进行。在几个新的物理模型中预测了重中微子样粒子，我们正在开始为寻找这些新粒子的SHiP实验做准备。该小组将积极参与几个专门寻找新物理学的实验。在标准模型中，介子到电子的直接转换被严重抑制，所以对这一过程的任何观察都将是一个重大发现。彗星实验正在寻找这一过程，并将在拨款期间收集数据。同样，电子的可测量的电偶极矩只能通过新的物理学来产生，而eEDM实验将继续推动这种效应的极限。大约四分之一的宇宙是由暗物质组成的，其性质尚不清楚。到目前为止，这还没有在实验室中被发现，该小组将继续通过LUX-ZEPLIN实验寻找暗物质候选者的直接证据。在未来的中微子和介子对撞机实验中，将需要产生介子束的加速器。该小组正在通过nuSTORM研究继续在这一领域进行研究。质子束在其他科学领域和医疗保健领域也有潜在的应用，该小组正在研究如何将这些技术应用于这些领域。

This grant is to continue the group's programme of investigation into the properties of elementary particles and the fundamental forces of nature.One of the main objectives of this grant will be to support the exploitation of the LHC experiments which will be taking data during the period of this grant. The CMS experiment will continue to measure the Higgs particle, following its successful discovery in 2012. It will also be able to extend the parameter space in searches for SUSY and other new phenomena such as finding evidence of potential dark matter candidates. The LHCb experiment will offer complementary tests of the Standard Model and beyond with the ability to look for extremely rare decays in flavour physics and to measure CP asymmetries in the decays of B mesons, both of which are sensitive to contributions from new physics. The group will also be active in preparing the next generation of detectors for the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC.The T2K long baseline neutrino experiment will allow us to expand our understanding of the masses and mixings in the neutrino sector, and should provide key indications of CP violation in the neutrino sector. The SoLid experiment will take data throughout the grant period and should settle the very short baseline neutrino anomoly. One of the other missing pieces of the neutrino puzzle is whether the neutrino is its own antiparticle. We are preparing the SuperNEMO experiment to attempt to determine if the neutrino is a Majorana particle and first data-taking will occur during the grant. Heavy neutrino-like particles are predicted in several new physics models and we are starting preparations for the SHiP experiment to search for these new particles.The group will be active in several experiments specifically searching for new physics. Direct conversion of muons to electrons is heavily suppressed in the Standard Model so any observation of this process would be a major discovery. The COMET experiment is searching for this process and will take data during the grant. Similarly, a measurable electric dipole moment for the electron could only arise through new physics and the eEDM experiment will continue to push down the limits for such an effect. Around a quarter of the Universe is composed of dark matter and its nature is unknown. This has so far remained undetected in the laboratory and the group will continue its activity in searching for direct evidence of a dark matter candidate through the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment.Accelerators to produce muon beams will be needed for future neutrino and muon collider experiments. The group is continuing its research in this area through the nuSTORM studies. Proton beams also have potential applications for other scientific fields and for healthcare, and the group is studying how to apply these techniques in these areas.