The study of elementary particles and their interactions - Capital Equipment

基本粒子及其相互作用的研究 - Capital Equipment

• 批准号: ST/N001036/1
• 负责人: Paul Dauncey
• 金额: $ 9.24万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN001036%2F1
• 关键词: study; elementary; particles; their; interactions

This grant is to continue the group's programme of investigation into the properties of elementary particles and the fundamental forces of nature.One of the main objectives of this grant will be to support the exploitation of the LHC experiments which will be taking data during the period of this grant. The CMS experiment will continue to measure the Higgs particle, following its successful discovery in 2012. It will also be able to cover completely new areas of parameter space in searches for SUSY and other new phenomena such as finding evidence of potential dark matter candidates. The LHCb experiment will offer complementary tests of the Standard Model and beyond with the ability to look for extremely rare decays in flavour physics and to measure CP asymmetries in the decays of B mesons, both of which are sensitive to contributions from new physics. These experiments will make extensive use of Grid computing which the group will continue to develop and exploit, both for the LHC and for other experiments. The group will also be active in preparing the next generation of detectors for the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC.The T2K experiment will allow us to expand our understanding of the masses and mixings in the neutrino sector, and should provide key measurements which will guide us as to whether we ultimately could see evidence of CP violation in the neutrino sector. One of the other missing pieces of the neutrino puzzle is whether the neutrino is its own antiparticle. We are preparing the SuperNEMO experiment to attempt to determine if the neutrino is a Majorana particle and first data-taking will occur during the grant. Heavy neutrino-like particles are predicted in several new physics models and we are starting preparations for the SHiP experiment to search for these new particles.The group will be active in several experiments specifically searching for new physics. Direct conversion of muons to electrons is heavily suppressed in the Standard Model so any observation of this process would be a major discovery. The COMET experiment is searching for this process and will take data during the grant. Similarly, a measurable electric dipole moment for the electron could only arise through new physics and the eEDM experiment will continue to push down the limits for such an effect. Around a quarter of the universe is composed of dark matter and its nature is unknown. This has so far remained undetected in the laboratory and the group will continue its activity in searching for direct evidence of a dark matter candidate through the LUX and later LUX-ZEPLIN experiments.Accelerators to produce muon beams will be needed for future neutrino and muon collider experiments. The group is continuing its research in this area through the MICE experiment and nuSTORM studies. Proton beams also have potential applications for other scientific fields and for healthcare, and the group is studying how to apply these techniques in these areas. Understanding the LHC in terms of phenomenology is critical to comparing data to theory and the group is very active in this area.

这笔赠款是为了继续该小组对基本粒子和自然力的基本性质的研究计划。这笔赠款的主要目标之一将是支持大型强子对撞机实验的开发，这些实验将在这笔赠款期间获取数据。CMS实验将在2012年成功发现希格斯粒子后，继续测量它。它还将能够覆盖参数空间的全新领域，用于搜索超对称和其他新现象，如寻找潜在暗物质候选者的证据。LHCb实验将提供标准模型及其他实验的补充测试，能够寻找味道物理中极其罕见的衰变，并测量B介子衰变中的CP不对称性，这两种方法都对新物理的贡献很敏感。这些实验将广泛使用网格计算，该小组将继续开发和利用网格计算，用于大型强子对撞机和其他实验。该小组还将积极准备下一代探测器，用于LHC的高亮度升级。T2K实验将使我们能够扩大我们对中微子部分的质量和混合的理解，并应提供关键测量结果，指导我们是否最终可能在中微子部分看到CP破坏的证据。中微子之谜的另一个缺失之处是，中微子是否是它自己的反粒子。我们正在准备超NEMO实验，试图确定中微子是否是马约拉纳粒子，第一次数据采集将在授予期间进行。在几个新的物理模型中预测了重中微子粒子，我们正在为寻找这些新粒子的飞船实验做准备。该小组将活跃在几个专门寻找新物理的实验中。在标准模型中，介子到电子的直接转换被严重抑制，所以对这一过程的任何观察都将是一个重大发现。彗星实验正在寻找这一过程，并将在授予期间获取数据。同样，只有通过新物理才能产生电子的可测量电偶极矩，而电火花加工实验将继续降低这种效应的极限。宇宙的四分之一左右由暗物质组成，其性质尚不清楚。到目前为止，实验室还没有检测到这一点，该小组将继续通过LUX和后来的LUX-ZEPLIN实验寻找暗物质候选者的直接证据。未来的中微子和Muon对撞机实验将需要产生µ子束的加速器。该小组正在通过小鼠实验和NuSTORM研究继续这一领域的研究。质子束在其他科学领域和医疗保健领域也有潜在的应用，该小组正在研究如何将这些技术应用于这些领域。从现象学的角度理解大型强子对撞机对于将数据与理论进行比较至关重要，该小组在这一领域非常活跃。