A Collaborative Database to Support the Ongoing Fukushima Daiichi NPP Decommissioning

2011年3月发生在日本福岛第一核电站(FDNPP)的事故是有史以来发生的最严重的放射性泄漏事件之一。事件发生后，大约16万人被疏散-其中许多人由于核电站周围的高水平辐射仍在返回。虽然多反应堆事故已经过去了八年，但在相关知识方面仍然存在相当大的差距，不仅对事故期间释放的放射性颗粒存在的地方和这种材料的状态/形式，而且对多个受损的反应堆堆芯的状态以及与最终的燃料碎片回收相关的退役挑战。自事故发生以来，从核电站的三个核反应堆释放材料，对从气溶胶采样器、工厂表面、大量沉积物甚至衣物中回收的微观材料进行了大量研究。对从这些样本中提取的微粒的研究为事故的性质/原因、环境遗留问题以及更重要的是在即将开始清理活动期间将面临的情况提供了随机的洞察。该项目的成果旨在巩固关于这种有害、放射性和化学毒性污染物(其中大多数很容易被吸入到微米级)的多国零散知识，以产生一个跨机构的平台(得到原子能机构、Sellafield有限公司、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构和许多国际研究组织的支持)，关于颗粒物位置的信息可以与实验得出的信息(例如结构、形态、成分)相结合。这样一个合作平台将：(1)促进对与这种无形材料有关的环境危害的了解，最重要的是，在今后十年中，(2)提供必要的实物数据，以支持使用布里斯托尔大学“Rad Hard”钻石探测系统等系统进行的现场(反应堆)测量。

The accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011 represents one of the worst radioactive release events to have ever occurred. In the aftermath of the event approximately 160,000 people were evacuated from their homes - many of whom are still to return due to the high levels of radiation that surround the plant. While eight years have now passed since the multi-reactor incident, there still exists a considerable gap in the connected knowledge of not only where the radioactive particulate released during the accident exists and the state/form of such material, but also the state of the multiple damaged reactor cores and the resulting decommissioning challenges associated with the eventual fuel debris retrievals.Since the accident, and release of material from three of the site's nuclear reactors, there have been numerous studies on the microscopic material recovered from aerosol samplers, plant surfaces, bulk sediments and even articles of clothing. Such studies on the particulate extracted from these samples have provided stochastic insight into the nature/cause of the accident, its environmental legacy and more-importantly the conditions that will be faced during the soon to commence clean-up activities.The outcome of this project seeks to consolidate the multinational fragmented knowledge on this harmful, radioactive and chemotoxic contamination (most of which is easily inhalable being of micron-scale) to produce a cross-institutional platform (supported by the IAEA, Sellafield Ltd, JAEA and numerous international research organisations) on which information pertaining to the particulates location can be combined with experimentally-derived information (e.g. structure, form, composition). Such a collaborative platform would; (i) accelerate the understanding of the environmental hazards associated with this invisible material, and most-importantly over the next decade, (ii) provide the required physical data to support in-situ (reactor) measurements made using systems such as the University of Bristol "Rad Hard" Diamond Detection system.