OBJECT RECOGNITION & NAVIGATION--NORMAL & LOW VISION

描述（摘自申请人的摘要）：有 350 万 视力低下的美国人。许多人在日常导航和导航方面存在问题 识别周围的物体。这些问题可能会威胁到个人 独立性和生活质量。几乎没有相关研究 低视力物体识别或导航。理论和 该提案中的实验研究有一个广泛的目标 了解并改善这些问题。大多数人患有低 视力与视野丧失或视野限制形式相抗衡 放大镜。因此，经常观察物体或环境 需要对场景进行零散的搜索以获取信息细节。人 视力正常的情况下，使用眼球运动来探索场景，尤其是在 能见度很差。主要理论目标是开发 描述物体视觉探索的概念框架 环境。我们将开发对象的主动理想观察者模型 识别和导航。这些模型将在以下情况下表现最佳 给定的视觉任务，并将作为解释的基准 视力正常和弱视人士的表现。其中之一 实验目标是研究眼球运动探索和放大镜 探索识别物体。有哪些视觉特征和认知能力 策略指导这一探索？第二个实验目标是 确定认知地图训练是否可以成为有用的导航 为弱视人士提供援助。 （认知图是记忆 有关环境的视觉和空间信息的表示。） 该团队将在虚拟和现实中进行心理物理实验 建筑物。长期目标是开发一种基于计算机的方法 向视障人士传递有关建筑布局的信息 人们。在这笔赠款中，该团队将研究受损的影响 愿景，特别是场损失，关于认知图的形成和使用。 他们的假设是认知地图虽然很难学习 患有视力障碍，尤其是。对体质低下的人有益 愿景。

DESCRIPTION (Taken from the applicant's Abstract):There are 3.5 million Americans with low vision. Many have daily problems navigating and recognizing objects around them. These problems can threaten personal independence and quality of life. There has been almost no research on low-vision object recognition or navigation. Theoretical and experimental studies in this proposal have the broad goal of understanding and ameliorating these problems. Most people with low vision contend with either visual-field loss or field restriction form magnifiers. As a result, viewing of objects or environments often requires a piecemeal search of the scene for informative details. People with normal vision use eye movements to explore scenes, especially when visibility is poor. The major theoretical goal is to develop a conceptual framework for describing visual exploration of objects and environments. We will develop Active ideal-observer models of object recognition and navigation. These models will perform optimally in a given visual task, and will serve as benchmarks for interpreting the performance of people with normal and low vision. One of the experimental goals is to study eye-movement exploration and magnifier exploration to recognize objects. What visual features and cognitive strategies guide this exploration? A second experimental goal is to determine whether training on cognitive maps can be a useful navigation aid for people with low vision. (Cognitive maps are memory representations of visual and spatial information about environments.) The team will perform psychophysical experiments in virtual and real buildings. The long-term goal is to develop a computer-based method for imparting information about building layouts to visually disabled people. In this grant, the team will study the impact of impaired vision, esp. field loss, on the formation and use of cognitive maps. Their hypothesis is that cognitive maps, although difficult to learn with visual impairment, will be esp. beneficial to people with low vision.