SKA Construction

“SKA 1”大楼是SKA天文台（SKAO）建设项目目前的主要目标。它将产生两个世界上最大的射电望远镜，其灵敏度，角分辨率和测量速度远远超过目前相关无线电频率的最先进仪器。与目前任何射电望远镜相比，灵敏度的阶跃变化和无与伦比的测量速度将带来变革性的科学。它将解决关于我们宇宙的基本未解问题，包括大爆炸后第一批恒星和星系是如何形成的，暗能量是如何加速宇宙膨胀的，磁性在宇宙中的作用，引力的本质，SKAO的两台望远镜将是将在南非建造的SKA-MID望远镜和SKA-LOW望远镜将在澳大利亚建造。SKA-MID将包括133个直径为15米的可操纵盘，以及64个来自MeerKAT前体仪器的盘。SKA-LOW将由131，072个新的固定对数周期天线组成。这两个望远镜都需要庞大的数字系统来处理原始数据的极端速率，并实时控制和管理望远镜。该研究将与国际合作伙伴和行业合作开展，建立在英国以前的投资基础上，是英国分配的SKA工作回报的一部分。- SKA 1科学数据处理和处理（SDH&P）的软件开发（包括模拟和建模）。它由科学数据处理器（SDP）和脉冲星搜索子单元（PSS）活动组成。SDP是望远镜的组成部分，负责将各种观测数据处理成所需的数据产品（数据产品由合并和处理的原始数据以及元数据组成），长期保存这些数据产品，并将这些产品交付给SKA天文台，并交付给在SKA区域中心工作的科学家。PSS是SKAO的组成部分，它将能够搜索从每个望远镜站点可见的整个天空，以寻找双星和时域瞬变。- 支持观测站管理和控制的软件开发。这包括管理SKA观测和观测工作流程所需的观测科学业务（OSO）软件。被归类为OSO软件的主要软件应用程序包括天文学家用于提交建议和观测设计的应用程序。天文台工作人员使用的主要OSO软件包括提案处理和跟踪应用程序，以及观测调度和执行应用程序。这些应用程序的基础是OSO数据库系统，它提供持久性并支持应用程序之间的项目工作流。这项活动还包括SKA望远镜管理器（TM）、观测执行工具（OET）和LOW望远镜前端之间的监测、控制和校准接口所需的软件。- 支持定时和时钟：这项活动将提供与SKA-MID和SKA-LOW望远镜同步和定时元件建造有关的科学、技术、工程和项目管理咨询服务。SAT的功能和性能影响望远镜的最终性能，因此，“竣工”SAT元件满足参考设计预期的SAT功能和性能要求至关重要。

Building "SKA1" is the current primary objective of the SKA Observatory (SKAO) Construction Project. It will result in two of the world's largest radio telescopes with sensitivity, angular resolution, and survey speeds far surpassing current state-of-the-art instruments at relevant radio frequencies. The step change in sensitivity and unrivaled survey speed compared to any current radio telescopes will deliver transformational science. It will address fundamental unanswered questions about our Universe including how the first stars and galaxies formed after the big bang, how dark energy is accelerating the expansion of the Universe, the role of magnetism in the cosmos, the nature of gravity, and the search for life beyond Earth.The two telescopes of the SKAO will be the SKA-MID telescope to be constructed in South Africa and the SKA-LOW telescope to be constructed in Australia. SKA-MID will include 133 steerable dishes 15m in diameter in combination with 64 dishes from the MeerKAT precursor instrument. SKA-LOW will consist of 131,072 new fixed log periodic antennas. Both telescopes require huge digital systems to process the extreme rates of raw data into science outputs, and also to control and manage the telescope in real-time. The research under this grant, to be undertaken in collaboration with international partners and industry, builds on previous UK investments and is part of the allocated SKA work return for the UK. It includes:- Software development (including simulations and modelling) for SKA1 Science Data Processing and Handling (SDH&P). This is composed of the Science Data Processor (SDP) and Pulsar Search Sub-element (PSS) activities. The SDP is the element of the telescope responsible for the processing of various observed data into required data products (a data product consists of combined and processed raw data together with metadata), the long term preservation of these data products, and the delivery of these products to the SKA Observatory, and delivery to scientists working in SKA Regional Centres (SRCs). The PSS is the component of the SKAO that will enable the search of the entire sky visible from each telescope site for pulsars and time-domain transients. - Software development in support of Observatory Management and Control (OMC). This includes Observatory Science Operations (OSO) software required to manage SKA observations and the observatory workflow. Major software applications classified as OSO software include the applications used by astronomers for proposal submission and observation design. Major OSO software used by observatory staff include applications for proposal handling and tracking, and for observation scheduling and execution. Underlying these applications are the OSO database systems that provide persistence and enable the project workflow between the applications. Also included in this activity is the software required for the monitoring, control and calibration interface between the SKA's Telescope Manager (TM), Observation Execution Tool (OET) and the front end of the LOW telescope. - Supporting Timing and Clocks: This activity will provide scientific, technology, engineering and project management advisory services related to the construction of the SKA-MID and SKA-LOW telescope Synchronisation and Timing (SAT) Elements. SAT functionality and performance affects the ultimate performance of the telescopes therefore it is vital that the 'as built' SAT Element meets the SAT functionality and performance requirements intended by the reference designs.