NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF PARTIAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION

该项目旨在确定部分睡眠剥夺 (PSD) 如何影响清醒时的神经行为功能（睡眠倾向、认知表现、困倦和情绪）以及睡眠时间发生的时间。 PSD 已被确定为一种严重的公共卫生问题，数百万人因医疗、精神和睡眠障碍以及社会需求（工作、家庭、旅行）而每天经历这种问题。 此外，由于工作等方面的限制，人们不仅睡眠时间减少，而且在一天二十四小时的不同时间，或者不同的昼夜节律阶段睡眠时间也减少。 尽管这种现象非常普遍，但关于睡眠持续时间、不同昼夜节律阶段以及会导致困倦增加、非自愿睡眠发作、表现不佳的 PSD 天数的科学研究却很少，而这些信息对于确定可能导致事故（例如机动车辆）的 PSD 水平至关重要。 在一项初步研究中，我们制定了研究 PSD 的方案，并证明了一组神经行为措施对 1 周以上睡眠限制的敏感性。 Further, we examined the effects of restricting the normal nocturnal sleep period to 4, 6, or 8 hours in duration. This study demonstrated significant reductions in neurobehavioral measures when sleep duration was decreased to either 6 or 4 hours. 利用这种方法，发起了一项使用独立组的随机对照试验，以测试人们在一天二十四小时的不同时间最常经历的睡眠限制类型对清醒功能的影响。 本研究的目的是确定连续 10 个晚上将睡眠时间限制在每晚 4 小时、6 小时和 8 小时（对照），当睡眠不足发生在不同的昼夜节律阶段时，神经行为功能的累积觉醒变化的性质。 在家中进行 7-14 天的监测以确保受试者有稳定的睡眠/觉醒周期后，受试者将在 CRC 的住院研究室连续住 15 个晚上（16 天），在此期间监测他们的睡眠和清醒神经行为功能。 在每晚 8 小时睡眠的 2 个基线日之后，受试者将在接下来的 10 天中被随机分配到九种睡眠限制条件之一（4,6、8 小时/24 小时，醒来时间为 0330 小时、1130 小时或 1930 小时），然后是 2 天的恢复性睡眠（10 小时/晚）。 比较了 9 组在 10 天的睡眠限制期间不同昼夜节律阶段的睡眠多导睡眠图和清醒神经行为功能的变化。

This project seeks to determine how waking neurobehavioral functions (sleep propensity, cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood) are affected by partial sleep deprivation (PSD), and the time at which the sleep period occurs. PSD has been identified as a serious public health problem being experienced daily by millions of people as a result of medical, psychiatric, and sleep disorders, as well as social demands (work, family, travel). In addition, due to work and other constraints, people are not only sleeping less, but also at various times across the twenty-four hour day, or at different circadian phases. Although highly prevalent, little scientific work has been done on the duration of sleep, at different circadian phases, and number of days of PSD that will lead to increased sleepiness, involuntary sleep episodes, performance failures--information that is essential to determining the level of PSD that could result in accidents (e.g., motor vehicle). In a preliminary study, we developed a protocol for studying PSD and demonstrated the sensitivity of a set of neurobehavioral measures to sleep restriction over 1 week. Further, we examined the effects of restricting the normal nocturnal sleep period to 4, 6, or 8 hours in duration. This study demonstrated significant reductions in neurobehavioral measures when sleep duration was decreased to either 6 or 4 hours. Utilizing this approach, a randomized control trial using independent groups was initiated to test the effects on waking function of the types of sleep restriction most commonly experienced by people, at various times across the twenty-four hour day. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the cumulative waking changes in neurobehavioral functions engendered by restricting sleep to 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h (control) per night for 10 consecutive nights, when the sleep loss is placed at different circadian phases. Following a 7-14 day period at home, during which time the subjects are monitored to ensure they have a stable sleep/wake cycle, subjects will live in the Inpatient Study Unit of the CRC for 15 consecutive nights (16 days), during which time their sleep and waking neurobehavioral functions are monitored. Following 2 baseline days of 8h sleep/night, subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the nine sleep restriction conditions (4,6, 8 h/24 hours, with waking occurring at 0330h, 1130h or 1930h) for the next 10 days, followed by 2 days of recovery sleep (10 h/night). Changes in sleep polysomnography and waking neurobehavioral functions at different circadian phases across the 10 day period of sleep restriction are compared among the nine groups.