SOCIAL LEARNING AND ALCOHOL INTAKE IN ADOLESCENT RATS

青春期大鼠的社交学习和酒精摄入量

• 批准号: 6371595
• 负责人: PAMELA S HUNT
• 金额: $ 10.1万
• 依托单位: COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6371595
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; breath composition; disease /disorder onset; ethanol; laboratory rat; learning; neurochemistry; opioid receptor; social psychology

The age at which alcohol consumption by young adults begins is reported to be ever decreasing. Recent surveys indicate that over 10% of 13- year olds use alcohol and about 70% of high schoolers consume alcohol more than once per month. Of these individuals, nearly one-third report binge drinking (defined as consuming more than 5 drinks per occasion) on a weekly basis. In light of these astonishing statistics, our lack of understanding about the underlying causes of adolescent-onset drinking is surprising as well as disturbing. The largest amount of data on this topic has come from studies using selectively bred strains of rodents showing a clear genetic determinant of alcoholism. However, it is also recognized that genetics alone cannot account for the prevalence of alcohol abuse. Experiential factors must also act, either alone or in concert with genetic predisposition. Due to the early age of onset of alcohol consumption patterns, it is likely that experiences with alcohol occurring early in life contribute to later acceptance of this drug. The long-term objective of the proposed research plan is to understand more fully the mechanisms, behavioral and neurochemical, through which socially mediated increases in ethanol preferences are acquired by preweanling and periadolescent rats. The research will build upon a paradigm recently developed by the PI for rapidly inducing ethanol preferences in preweanling and periadolescent rats. Briefly, one animal (demonstrator) is intragastrically administered a dose of ethanol shortly before a 30-min period of behavioral interaction with the experimental subject (observer). In several experiments we have shown that observers subsequently increase their ethanol intake by up to 75-150% over control levels. Our working hypothesis is that observers detect respired ethanol cues on the breath of the demonstrator in the presence of an endogenous carbon based constituent of rat breath (carbon disulfide), and carbon disulfide promotes the release of endogenous opioids that serve functionally as the reinforcer for the conditioning of preferences for ethanol. To test this hypothesis, we will examine the role of endogenous opioids in promoting the increased ethanol intake patterns through pharmacologically manipulating primarily mu and kappa opioid receptors. The end result of this work will be an increased understanding of the neurochemical and behavioral factors underlying social acquisition of ethanol preferences.

年轻人开始饮酒的年龄是 据报道一直在减少。 最近的调查表明，超过 10% 的 13- 20 岁以上的青少年饮酒，约 70% 的高中生饮酒量更多 每月一次以上。 在这些人中，近三分之一的人报告暴饮暴食 每周饮酒（定义为每次饮酒超过 5 杯） 基础。 鉴于这些令人震惊的统计数据，我们缺乏了解 关于青少年饮酒的根本原因也令人惊讶 一样令人不安。 关于这个主题的最大量的数据来自研究 使用具有明确遗传决定因素的选择性培育的啮齿动物品系 酗酒。 然而，人们也认识到仅靠遗传学不能 解释了酗酒的普遍性。 经验因素也必须 单独或与遗传倾向共同作用。 由于早 饮酒模式开始的年龄，很可能经历 生命早期发生的酒精有助于以后接受这一点 药品。 拟议研究计划的长期目标是了解更多 充分的机制，行为和神经化学，通过这些机制 乙醇偏好的介导增加是通过断奶前和 青春期大鼠。这项研究将建立在最近的一个范式之上 由 PI 开发，用于在断奶前快速诱导乙醇偏好 和青春期大鼠。 简而言之，一只动物（演示者）是 在 30 分钟前不久胃内注射一剂乙醇 与实验对象（观察者）的行为互动。 在 我们的一些实验表明，观察者随后会增加他们的 乙醇摄入量比对照水平高出 75-150%。 我们的工作假设 是观察者在呼吸中检测到呼吸乙醇的线索 大鼠内源性碳基成分存在下的演示者 呼吸（二硫化碳），二硫化碳促进释放 内源性阿片类药物，其功能为增强剂 调节对乙醇的偏好。 为了检验这个假设，我们将 检查内源性阿片类药物在促进乙醇增加中的作用 主要通过药理学操纵 mu 和 kappa 的摄入模式 阿片受体。 这项工作的最终结果将是增加 了解社会底层的神经化学和行为因素 获得乙醇偏好。