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SOCIAL LEARNING AND ALCOHOL INTAKE IN ADOLESCENT RATS

青春期大鼠的社交学习和酒精摄入量

基本信息

批准号：
6752958
负责人：
PAMELA S HUNT
金额：
$ 9.27万
依托单位：
COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-06-01 至 2005-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6752958
关键词：
alcoholic beverage consumption alcoholism /alcohol abuse breath composition disease /disorder onset ethanol laboratory rat learning neurochemistry opioid receptor social psychology

项目摘要

The age at which alcohol consumption by young adults begins is reported to be ever decreasing. Recent surveys indicate that over 10% of 13- year olds use alcohol and about 70% of high schoolers consume alcohol more than once per month. Of these individuals, nearly one-third report binge drinking (defined as consuming more than 5 drinks per occasion) on a weekly basis. In light of these astonishing statistics, our lack of understanding about the underlying causes of adolescent-onset drinking is surprising as well as disturbing. The largest amount of data on this topic has come from studies using selectively bred strains of rodents showing a clear genetic determinant of alcoholism. However, it is also recognized that genetics alone cannot account for the prevalence of alcohol abuse. Experiential factors must also act, either alone or in concert with genetic predisposition. Due to the early age of onset of alcohol consumption patterns, it is likely that experiences with alcohol occurring early in life contribute to later acceptance of this drug. The long-term objective of the proposed research plan is to understand more fully the mechanisms, behavioral and neurochemical, through which socially mediated increases in ethanol preferences are acquired by preweanling and periadolescent rats. The research will build upon a paradigm recently developed by the PI for rapidly inducing ethanol preferences in preweanling and periadolescent rats. Briefly, one animal (demonstrator) is intragastrically administered a dose of ethanol shortly before a 30-min period of behavioral interaction with the experimental subject (observer). In several experiments we have shown that observers subsequently increase their ethanol intake by up to 75-150% over control levels. Our working hypothesis is that observers detect respired ethanol cues on the breath of the demonstrator in the presence of an endogenous carbon based constituent of rat breath (carbon disulfide), and carbon disulfide promotes the release of endogenous opioids that serve functionally as the reinforcer for the conditioning of preferences for ethanol. To test this hypothesis, we will examine the role of endogenous opioids in promoting the increased ethanol intake patterns through pharmacologically manipulating primarily mu and kappa opioid receptors. The end result of this work will be an increased understanding of the neurochemical and behavioral factors underlying social acquisition of ethanol preferences.

年轻人开始饮酒的年龄是据报道，它正在不断减少。最近的调查显示，13- 20岁的孩子饮酒，大约70%的高中生饮酒更多每月一次以上。在这些人中，近三分之一的人报告说，每周饮酒（定义为每次饮酒超过5杯）基础根据这些惊人的统计数据，我们缺乏了解关于酗酒的潜在原因也令人惊讶令人不安。关于这一主题的最大数量的数据来自研究使用选择性繁殖的啮齿动物品系，酒精中毒然而，人们也认识到，导致了酗酒的流行经验因素也必须行为，无论是单独或与遗传易感性。由于提前酒精消费模式的发病年龄，很可能是经验，与酒精发生在生命的早期有助于后来接受这一点药拟议研究计划的长期目标是了解更多完全的机制，行为和神经化学，通过社会通过断奶前获得乙醇偏好的介导增加，青春期大鼠这项研究将建立在最近的一个范例之上由PI开发，用于在断奶前快速诱导乙醇偏好和青春期前的老鼠简单地说，一种动物（示范者）是在30分钟前不久灌胃给予一定剂量的乙醇与实验对象（观察者）的行为互动。在几个实验表明，观察者随后会增加他们的酒精摄入量超过对照水平的75 - 150%。我们的工作假设是观察者通过呼吸检测到的乙醇信号在大鼠内源性碳基成分存在下的演示器呼吸（二硫化碳），二硫化碳促进释放内源性阿片类药物，功能上作为调节对乙醇的偏好。为了验证这个假设，我们将研究内源性阿片类物质在促进乙醇增加中的作用，主要通过操纵mu和kappa值来调节摄入模式阿片受体这项工作的最终结果将是增加了解社会性行为背后的神经化学和行为因素获得乙醇优惠。