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Astronomy at The Open University 2023-2026 (Consolidated Grant)

开放大学天文学 2023-2026（综合赠款）

基本信息

批准号：
ST/X001164/1
负责人：
Carole Haswell
金额：
$ 191.5万
依托单位：
The Open University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX001164%2F1
关键词：
Astronomy Open University 2023 2026

项目摘要

This proposal will fund astronomy researchers at The Open University. We will study the very most distant known objects, using a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. This is a feature of general relativity which is very useful for our purposes: the warping of space-time by large masses at intermediate distances can magnify the images of objects right at the edge of the observable Universe, making them more visible. We are using a powerful collection of 66 radio telescopes in Chile - called ALMA - to study water in galaxies at redshifts between 2 and 5. By doing this we will learn about the formation of stars throughout the history of the Universe. This will give us new understanding of how the very biggest galaxies which we see in the present-day Universe formed.We are using another array of radio telescopes based in Europe called LOFAR to learn about jets of energetic particles which are accelerated out from the centre of galaxies. These jets are very long - longer than the size of a whole galaxy - and narrow structures which emit radio waves. LOFAR is extremely sensitive and is detecting jets which previous telescopes couldn't see. This is changing some of our understanding of what causes jets to have particular shapes and brightness patterns.Using a new European space telescope called Euclid we are going to study giant clumps of stars forming in distance galaxies. There will be huge numbers of images to look at, so we are going to use citizen science to generate a large number of identifications of what we are looking for. Then we will train artificial intelligence to find all the similar examples.We will find examples of small rocky planets - roughly Earth-sized - orbiting stars in the Sun's local part of our Galaxy. The ones we are looking for are hot, in some cases so hot that their rocky surfaces are molten or turned into gas which escapes. These particular planets are useful because we can use the starlight filtered through the escaping gas to measure the chemical composition of their rocky surfaces. We will study ices - normal frozen water as well as ices made from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methanol - in the laboratory and with the James Webb Space Telescope. This will reveal the role ice plays in sticking grains together in the early stages of planet formation. Without this grains would bounce apart instead of growing to produce pebbles, and planets like the Earth would not be able to form.

该提案将资助开放大学的天文学研究人员。我们将利用一种被称为引力透镜的现象来研究已知的最遥远的天体。这是广义相对论的一个特征，它对我们的目的非常有用：在中等距离处，大质量对时空的弯曲可以放大位于可观测宇宙边缘的物体的图像，使它们更加可见。我们正在使用一个强大的收集66射电望远镜在智利-所谓的阿尔马-研究水在星系的红移之间的2和5。通过这样做，我们将了解整个宇宙历史中恒星的形成。这将使我们对我们在当今宇宙中看到的最大星系如何形成有新的认识。我们正在使用另一组位于欧洲的射电望远镜，称为LOFAR，以了解从星系中心加速出来的高能粒子喷流。这些喷流非常长--比整个星系的大小还长--而且是发射无线电波的狭窄结构。LOFAR非常敏感，正在探测以前的望远镜无法看到的喷流。这改变了我们对是什么导致喷流具有特殊形状和亮度模式的一些理解。我们将使用一台名为欧几里得的新欧洲太空望远镜研究在远距离星系中形成的巨大恒星团。将会有大量的图像可供查看，因此我们将使用公民科学来生成大量我们正在寻找的标识。然后，我们将训练人工智能找到所有类似的例子，我们将找到小型岩石行星的例子-大约地球大小-在我们银河系太阳附近的轨道恒星。我们正在寻找的是热的，在某些情况下，如此之热，他们的岩石表面融化或变成气体逃逸。这些特殊的行星是有用的，因为我们可以使用通过逃逸气体过滤的星光来测量其岩石表面的化学成分。我们将在实验室和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜中研究冰-正常的冷冻水以及由一氧化碳，二氧化碳和甲醇制成的冰。这将揭示冰在行星形成的早期阶段将颗粒粘在一起的作用。如果没有这个，颗粒就会弹开，而不是生长成鹅卵石，像地球这样的行星就无法形成。