THz frequency structures for particle accelerators: Realising ultrafast electron beam manipulation and diagnostics

在过去的概念验证研究和加速器测试设施演示的基础上，我们将开发一个太赫兹（THz）驱动的电子束加速和偏转系统，该系统可以提供亚皮秒粒子束的阶跃变化和加速器设施的诊断能力。我们的目标是利用我们在激光衍生的高功率太赫兹频率电磁源和太赫兹频率相互作用结构方面的进步和知识，并开发一个技术就绪TRL-4/5的系统。该系统将采用经过验证的概念，并在太赫兹源和相互作用结构调谐、横向模式转换和源-结构耦合方面取得额外进展。该系统的性能将在一个加速器测试设施中得到验证，作为商业开发伙伴参与的一个步骤。我们最近开发了用于太赫兹驱动的电子束加速的介电衬里矩形波导结构[1,2]，以及用于为它们供电的高功率（MW）太赫兹源。我们的结构和源在相对论能量下实现了与共传播电子束的太赫兹相速度匹配。通过提出的发展，我们设想在集成系统中广泛采用介电衬里波导和激光驱动的太赫兹源，用于亚皮秒电子和正电子束的相空间操作。该系统还将广泛应用于先进加速器设施中超短、100飞秒以下电子束的表征。该技术目前正在TRL-3进行技术概念的制定和太赫兹电子相互作用结构和太赫兹源的概念验证演示。这项拟议的研究将寻求将技术发展到TRL 5，与早期原型集成系统一起，在未来与商业伙伴进行完整的原型开发之前。本课题有三个目标：高功率太赫兹源和相互作用结构的技术和科学发展。具体的发展包括源和结构频率调谐、模式转换和太赫兹产生效率。提供一个适合加速器设施测试的集成系统，并作为商业开发的途径。建立知识产权，并与工业界建立战略合作伙伴关系，以开发我们的太赫兹诊断技术的商业潜力V. Georgiadis等。设计用于太赫兹驱动电子束偏转的介电衬里波导中的色散。达成。理论物理。《地球科学》，2012,(5):381 - 381。et al。用激光产生的太赫兹脉冲加速相对论光束。李建军，张建军，等。光子学报，2014(5):555 - 555。“为高能窄带太赫兹发电优化的大面积周期性极化铌酸锂晶片堆”。光学精密工程，2016,(6)

Building on past proof-of-concept research and accelerator test-facility demonstrations, we will develop a terahertz (THz) driven electron beam acceleration and deflection system that can provide a step-change in the sub-picosecond particle-beam and diagnostic capabilities at accelerator facilities. Our goal is to take our advances and knowledge in laser-derived high-power terahertz frequency electromagnetic sources, and in terahertz-frequency interaction structures, and develop a system at technology readiness TRL-4/5. The system will incorporate proven concepts, with additional advances in THz source and interaction structure tuning, in transverse mode-conversion, and in source-structure coupling. The system performance will be verified at an accelerator test facility as a step towards engagement of commercial development partners.We have recently developed dielectric-lined rectangular waveguide structures for terahertz-driven acceleration of electron beams [1,2], and the high-power (MW) THz sources for powering them [3]. Our structures and sources achieve THz phase velocity matching with co-propagating electron bunches at relativistic energies. Through the proposed developments, we envisage the widespread uptake of dielectric-lined waveguides and laser-driven THz sources within integrated systems for sub-picosecond phase-space manipulation of electron and positron beams. The systems will also find widespread application in the characterisation of ultrashort, sub-100 femtosecond, electron beams at advanced accelerator facilities.The technology is currently at TRL-3 with the technology concept formulated and proof-of-concept demonstrations of THz-electron interaction structures and of THz sources. This proposed research will seek to develop the technology to TRL 5, with an early-stage prototype integrated system, in advance of future full prototype development with commercial partners.This proposal has three objectives:Technical and scientific development of high-power (MW) THz source and interaction structures. Specific developments include source and structure frequency tuning, mode-conversion, and THz generation efficiency.Delivering an integrated system suitable for accelerator facility testing, and as pathway to commercial development.Establishing intellectual property, and forming a strategic partnership with industry to exploit the commercial potential of our THz diagnostic technology.[1] V. Georgiadis, et al. "Dispersion in dielectric-lined waveguides designed for terahertz-driven deflection of electron beams". Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 144102 (2021)[2] M.T. Hibberd? et al. "Acceleration of relativistic beams using laser-generated terahertz pulses". Nature Photon. 14, 755 (2020)[3] C.D.W. Mosley, et al. "Large-area periodically-poled lithium niobate wafer stacks optimized for high-energy narrowband terahertz generation". Optics Express 4041, 31, (2023)