Cryogenics systems for the development of a THz-driven electron injector and linac

研究人员已经开发了用激光衍生的太赫兹（THz）脉冲加速和条纹化相对论电子束的技术。这些技术及其基础概念已被应用于超快电子束时间控制和高梯度加速与光束质量保持，这是未来高能加速器技术的重要组成部分。该方案已经建立了世界领先的地位，并放置在一个新的和快速发展的领域的最前沿。我们是第一个用完全相对论性光束[1]证明加速的人，我们最近的2022年的结果已经证明了传统相对论性直线加速器所执行的所有基本函数，但频率要高两个数量级；分段加速度;通过相位加速控制能量扩散；电场梯度为20 MV/m，与运行中的加速器设施相当。在这项资助的支持下，超过200 MV/m的加速度梯度现在已经触手可及。在发展太赫兹相对论光束加速的同时，科克罗夫特研究所的项目已经建立了太赫兹驱动“注入器”的设施和概念，这是将能量从光电阴极转化为相对论能量的第一阶段。所需的基本设备是两个闭式循环低温恒温器系统，用于冷却PP-LiNbO3太赫兹源。将低温冷却太赫兹源整合到我们现有的研究计划中，将确保我们保持在快速发展领域的前沿。我们将很好地证明集成太赫兹驱动加速器的能力，该加速器具有前所未有的飞秒电子束加速和控制能力，并且加速度梯度超过传统RF加速器。

The investigators have developed technologies for the acceleration and streaking of relativistic electron beams with laser-derived terahertz (THz) pulses. These technologies, and the underlying concepts, have been targeted at application for ultrafast electron beam temporal control, and high-gradient acceleration with beam quality preservation that is an essential part of future high-energy accelerator technologies. The programme has already established world leading status, and is placed at the forefront of a new and rapidly developing area. We were the first to demonstrate acceleration with fully relativistic beam [1], and our recent 2022 results have demonstrated all the essential functions carried out by conventional relativistic linac, but at the two orders higher frequency; staging, acceleration; energy spread control through phased acceleration; and a field gradient of 20 MV/m, comparable to that of operating accelerator facilities. Acceleration gradients exceeding 200 MV/m are now, with support of this grant, within reach. In parallel to the development of acceleration of relativistic beams with THz, the Cockcroft Institute programme has established the facilities and concepts for a THz driven 'injector', the first stage where energies are taken from photocathode to relativistic energies.The requested capital equipment, two closed-cycle cryostat systems, are required for cooling of the PP-LiNbO3 THz sources. Integration of the cryogenic-cooled THz sources into our existing research programme will ensure that we remain the forefront of a rapidly developing field. We will be well placed to prove the capability of an integrated THz-driven accelerator with unprecedented capability for femtosecond electron beam acceleration and control, and acceleration gradients exceeding that of conventional RF accelerators.