Protecting second wheat through the reduction of take-all inoculum build up

全蚀病是英国冬小麦最重要的真菌病害之一，多达一半的作物受到影响，每年给农民造成高达6000万英镑的损失。病害引起根系损伤，导致水分和氮素吸收减少，从而影响产量和品质。目前的控制措施不是100%有效，包括文化习俗和化学控制。Rothamsted Research先前的研究表明，Avalon和Cadenza品种在收获后留在土壤中的全蚀真菌数量上存在差异。这影响了可用于感染第二种小麦作物的接种物。控制这一性状的遗传位点已经确定，本项目的目的是利用这些结果开发抗全蚀病（TAB）的品种。第一个目标将是进一步评估英国品种和线从三个合作伙伴就这一采取所有建设表型。第二个目标将是使用来自Avalon x Cadenza WGIN作图群体的更多品系进一步绘制遗传基因座。从这个分析中，我们的目标是更精细地绘制这个性状，以便为我们提供用于标记辅助选择（MAS）的诊断标记。第三个目标是探索是否存在地上可见的作物生理特性，其与下面土壤中的低或高全蚀接种物积累相关。这种视觉评估可以在未来被育种者用作额外的诊断标记。在这个项目中，我们将选择品种和先进的材料直接在市场上使用，这些材料显示出这种减少的TAB表型，为目前正在注册的材料提供附加值。开发具有这一独特性状的英国品种不仅有利于我们的公司，而且有利于小麦生产力，因为英国小麦总产量每年可持续增加190万吨，特别是通过改善第二季小麦作物的表现。

Take-all is one of the most important fungal diseases of UK winter wheat, with up to half the crop being affected with losses costing farmers up to 60m per annum. The disease causes root system damage, resulting in reduced water and nitrogen uptake, which impacts on both yield and quality. Current control measures are not 100% effective and include cultural practices and chemical control. Previous work at Rothamsted Research has shown that the varieties Avalon and Cadenza show differences in the amount of the take-all fungus left behind in the soil after harvest. This influences the inoculum available for infection of a second wheat crop. The genetic loci controlling this trait have been identified and the aim of this project is to utilise these results in developing varieties which resist take-all build up (TAB). The 1st objective will be to assess a further range of UK varieties and lines from the three partners with respect to this take-all build-up phenotype. The 2nd objective will be to map the genetic loci further, using more lines from the Avalon x Cadenza WGIN mapping population. From this analysis we aim to map this trait more finely in order to give us diagnostic markers for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). The 3rd objective is to explore whether an above ground visible crop physiology trait exists which is associated with either low or high take-all inoculum build up in the soil below. This visual assessment could in the future be used as an additional diagnostic marker by the breeders.During this project, we will have selected varieties and advanced material for direct use in the market place which show this reduced TAB phenotype, giving added value to material currently entering registration. Development of UK varieties carrying this unique trait will benefit not only our companies, but also wheat productivity by increasing overall UK wheat yields consistently by up to 1.9 m tonnes pa specifically by improving the performance of 2nd wheat crops.