FRONTAL LOBE PLASTICITY AFTER BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDHOOD

儿童期脑损伤后额叶的可塑性

• 批准号: 6343193
• 负责人: SHARON L NICHOLS
• 金额: $ 8.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6343193
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; developmental neurobiology; developmental psychology; early experience; frontal lobe /cortex; functional ability; gender difference; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); language development; longitudinal human study; memory disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neural inhibition; neural plasticity; neuropsychological tests; perception disorder; psychological adaptation; psychophysiology; sensory mechanism; social adjustment

DESCRIPTION. Over recent years, it has become clear that the functional plasticity of the brain following damage sustained in infancy varies according to the functions being assessed and the anatomic areas affected by the damage. Although out understanding of the effect of early damage on language and visuospatial functions has increased greatly, studies of the executive functions normally associated with the frontal lobes, such as planning, problem solving, working memory and inhibition, have not been done with children who sustained early focal brain injury. Such research has the potential to provide information regarding the degree of functional plasticity of prefrontal cortex. By specifically looking for dissociations among aspects of informational processing hypothesized to underlie more complex frontal behaviors, this study also proposes to examine the separability of these functions in development and whether they are specifically related to distinct areas of the frontal lobes as has been seen in adults. A further goal of the study is to investigate whether damage to frontal areas is associated with greater developmental disabilities in adaptive and social functions than damage to posterior areas. These goals will be accomplished by comparing a group of children with unilateral, focal brain lesions sustained prior to 6 months of age with normally developing controls on a battery of executive functioning measures. Dissociations on specific measures of working memory and inhibitory functioning will be examined within the focal lesion group as well as within normally developing controls. Finally, the relationship of performance on these measures to social and adaptive functioning will be examined.

说明. 近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到， 在婴儿期受到损伤后，大脑的可塑性 根据被评估的功能和受影响的解剖区域， 造成的伤害 虽然我们不了解早期损伤对 研究表明，语言和视觉空间功能大大增强 通常与额叶相关的执行功能，例如 计划、问题解决、工作记忆和抑制，尚未完成 患有早期局灶性脑损伤的儿童 这样的研究有 提供有关功能性程度的信息的潜力 前额叶皮层的可塑性 通过专门寻找 在信息处理的各个方面中， 复杂的正面行为，这项研究还提出，检查 这些功能在发展中的可分离性，以及它们是否 特别是与额叶的不同区域有关， 在成年人中。 这项研究的另一个目标是调查是否损害 额叶与更大的发育障碍有关， 适应和社会功能比后部区域的损害更大。 这些目标将通过比较一组儿童与 单侧局灶性脑损伤持续到6个月龄之前， 通常对一系列执行功能措施进行控制。 工作记忆和抑制性记忆的具体措施的分离 将在局灶性病变组以及 正常发展控制。 最后，分析了绩效与 将对这些社会和适应功能的措施进行审查。