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Exploiting new sources of broad-spectrum resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in brassicas (ExBSR)

开发芸苔属萝卜花叶病毒广谱抗性的新来源 (ExBSR)

基本信息

批准号：
1644829
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1644829
关键词：
Exploiting new sources broad spectrum

项目摘要

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an important pathogen that infects many crops worldwide (rated 2nd most important virus infecting field vegetables worldwide). It is most damaging in brassicas (cabbage, cauliflower, oilseed rape etc.) and spread by >89 different aphid species. It's very broad host range and the inability of pesticides to control it, emphasise the need for the development of plants with natural resistance to the virus.Many different strains of TuMV exist and resistances to restricted ranges of strains have been described. We have identified Brassica rapa (the most important vegetable brassica worldwide) lines with natural resistance to a broad range of TuMV strains. We have been unable to find any TuMV strains able to overcome these resistances, indicating they may be durable. Having identified the genes responsible for one of the sources of resistance and their mechanism, we developed a simple test to identify lines possessing different sources of broad-spectrum resistance. By deploying additional/new sources of resistance to TuMV, this will reduce the selection pressure for resistance-breaking strains of the virus. This project aims to exploit the best of these new sources of broad-spectrum resistance to TuMV. It will be necessary to breed the resistance into commercial plant varieties. This will be achieved in a collaborative venture between the University of Warwick (UoW), the student and the seed company, Sakata UK Ltd. To significantly speed up this process, the student will develop molecular markers for the plant genes responsible for TuMV resistance. The student and Sakata will use these markers in a process known as marker-assisted selection to get the resistance genes into plant varieties that have all the other plant traits needed for commercial production.The student will be trained at UoW in a range of scientific skills related to plant pathology and molecular biology with generic applicability and in plant breeding during a 3 month placement at Sakata. There is a lack of students being trained in plant pathology and horticulture; this student will help to address these skills gaps. The student will learn to handle and transmit plant viruses whilst testing the new sources of TuMV resistance against a broad range of TuMV isolates from Sakata and from the large Warwick TuMV diversity collection. The B. rapa line showing the most extreme resistance to the broadest range of TuMV isolates will be taken forward.The student will then cross the best virus-resistant plant line to a rapid-cycling plant line and commercial plant lines. The offspring will be tested for resistance / susceptibility to TuMV with careful visual observation and ELISA testing of plants for TuMV infection. If the offspring from the rapid-cycling cross are resistant, they will be backcrossed to the susceptible rapid-cycling parent and if they are susceptible, they will be backcrossed to the resistant parent. This will be done to develop a large plant population for mapping. The offspring of the cross with the commercial plant lines will be back-crossed with the commercial parents to commence introgression of the resistance in to commercially acceptable plant lines.The large plant population will be challenged with TuMV. Genotyping combined with the phenotyping will allow the resistance gene(s) to be mapped to regions of the chromosomes of the plant. This will acilitate the development of molecular markers that will make it possible for the student and subsequently Sakata, to track the resistance genes in later crosses between the offspring of crosses with the resistant plants and commercially acceptable plants. This will dramatically speed up the breeding of TuMV-resistant varieties. Using molecular markers to identify plants carrying the resistance genes for crossing will take hours, conventional means take months.

芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)是一种侵染世界各地农作物的重要病原(位居全球大田蔬菜第二大病毒)。在甘蓝(卷心菜、花椰菜、油菜等)上危害最大。并通过89种不同的蚜虫传播。它的寄主范围非常广泛，而且杀虫剂无法控制它，这强调了培育对该病毒具有天然抗性的植物的必要性。存在许多不同的TuMV菌株，并已描述了对有限范围的菌株的抗性。我们已经鉴定出对广泛的TuMV菌株具有天然抗性的白菜(世界上最重要的蔬菜)品系。我们一直无法找到任何能够克服这些抗性的TuMV毒株，这表明它们可能是持久的。在确定了其中一个抗源的基因及其机制后，我们开发了一种简单的测试来鉴定具有不同广谱抗源的品系。通过部署对TuMV的额外/新的抗药性来源，这将减少对打破抗药性的病毒株的选择压力。该项目旨在最大限度地利用这些广谱抗TuMV的新来源。有必要将抗性培育成商品化的植物品种。这将在华威大学(UOW)、这名学生和种子公司Sakata UK Ltd的合作项目中实现。为了显著加快这一过程，这名学生将为与番茄花叶病毒抗性有关的植物基因开发分子标记。这名学生和Sakata将在一种被称为标记辅助选择的过程中使用这些标记，将抗性基因注入具有商业生产所需的所有其他植物性状的植物品种中。学生将在UOW接受与植物病理学和具有通用适用性的分子生物学相关的一系列科学技能的培训，并在Sakata的3个月的安置期间接受植物育种方面的培训。缺乏植物病理学和园艺学方面的培训；这个学生将帮助解决这些技能差距。学生将学习处理和传播植物病毒，同时测试新的TuMV抗源对来自Sakata和来自Warwick TuMV多样性收集的广泛TuMV分离物的抗性。对最广泛的TuMV分离物表现出最极端抗性的油菜品系将被继续发展。然后，学生将把最抗病毒的植物品系杂交到快速循环植物品系和商业植物品系。后代将通过仔细的肉眼观察和植物的ELISA检测来检测对TuMV的抗性/敏感性。如果快速循环杂交的后代是抗病的，他们将回交到感病的快速循环亲本，如果他们是感病的，他们将回交到抗性亲本。这将是为了发展一个大的植物种群来绘制地图。与商业植株系杂交的后代将与商业亲本回交，开始将抗性导入商业可接受的植物品系。大的植株群体将受到TuMV的挑战。基因分型和表型鉴定相结合，将允许将抗性基因(S)定位到植物染色体的各个区域。这将促进分子标记的发展，使学生和随后的坂田有可能追踪与抗性植物杂交的后代与商业上可接受的植物之间杂交的抗性基因。这将极大地加快培育抗TuMV的品种。使用分子标记识别携带抗病基因的植物进行杂交需要几个小时，而传统方法需要几个月。