The role of dispersal in range change by birds

扩散在鸟类活动范围变化中的作用

• 批准号: 1644927
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1644927
• 关键词: role; dispersal; range; change; birds

Dispersal is arguably the poorest understood component of demography, yet understanding it is key to answering important ecological questions: how fast will species respond to changing climates? How well are sub-populations connected? How long will invasive species take to reach a new site? This project makes use of one of the most comprehensive datasets on animal movement available to develop a new understanding of dispersal processes in the UK's fragmented landscape.This project will use Reed warblers, a common migrant bird species found in reed beds across southern and central England. The British Trust for Ornithology (CASE partner on this project) has large dataset of movement between breeding seasons (c. 3000 individual movements) generated from citizen science. Using the extensive reed warbler dataset, combined with fieldwork on fine-scale movements currently undertaken by the CASE partner, the student will develop and test statistical methods to characterise dispersal that can then be applied to a wide range of species with more limited recovery datasets. The project has three components:(1) a spatio-temporally explicit demographic model of reed warbler range change. This component will apply state of the art statistical and theoretical models to the existing BTO datasets to explore whether recent range change is driven by changes in dispersal or by changes in breeding success of survival.(2) Fieldwork will be undertaken as part of ongoing research by BTO. A population of individually marked reed warblers has been established and the fine-scale movements of marked birds between breeding season is being monitored within a large reed bed. This studentship will enable expansion of the fieldwork to neighbouring breeding areas, with fieldwork focussing on mapping all reed warbler territories within 20km of the primary field site and identifying all individually marked birds outside the core area. These data will be combined with the larger scale existing data to ensure the student has a full understanding of dispersal at a range of spatial scales: it is just as important to know how many individuals move nowhere as how many move long distances.(3) The final stage of the project will involve broadening the scope to multiple species. Using the insights gained from parts one and two, appropriate dispersal models will be selected and applied to the wider BTO ringing dataset. This component of the project will not only enable more species to be incorporated, but will allow the student to assess whether dispersal behaviour in changing in many species may be seen as a consequence of global change. The information gathered during this project will be useful to governmental and non-governmental organisations working to develop spatial conservation plans for England, as well as proving useful information about where new nature areas (such as those created by biodiversity offsetting) may be most effectively sited to ensure species can move and colonise them,

扩散可以说是人口学中最不被理解的部分，但理解它是回答重要的生态问题的关键：物种对不断变化的气候的反应有多快？子群体之间的联系有多好？入侵物种需要多长时间才能到达新的地点？该项目利用现有的最全面的动物运动数据集之一，对英国支离破碎的景观中的扩散过程有了新的理解。该项目将使用芦苇鸣禽，这是一种常见的候鸟物种，在英格兰南部和中部的芦苇床上发现。英国鸟类学信托基金(该项目的案例合作伙伴)拥有由公民科学产生的繁殖季节之间的运动(约3000个个体运动)的大型数据集。使用广泛的芦苇林莺数据集，结合目前由CASE合作伙伴进行的精细运动的田野工作，学生将开发和测试统计方法来描述扩散特征，然后这些方法可以应用于具有更有限恢复数据集的广泛物种。该项目包括三个部分：(1)芦苇鸣禽活动范围变化的时空显式人口统计模型。这一组成部分将把最先进的统计和理论模型应用于现有的BTO数据集，以探索最近范围的变化是由扩散的变化还是由繁殖成活成功的变化驱动的。(2)野外工作将作为BTO正在进行的研究的一部分进行。已经建立了一个单独标记的芦苇鸣禽种群，并在一个大的芦苇床内监测到标记鸟类在繁殖季节之间的精细移动。这个项目将使野外工作扩展到邻近的繁殖区，野外工作的重点是绘制主要野外地点20公里内的所有芦莺领地的地图，并识别核心区以外的所有单独标记的鸟类。这些数据将与更大范围的现有数据相结合，以确保学生对在一系列空间尺度上的扩散有充分的了解：了解有多少个体不动与有多少个体长途迁徙同样重要。(3)该项目的最后阶段将把范围扩大到多种物种。利用从第一部分和第二部分获得的见解，将选择合适的扩散模型并将其应用于更广泛的BTO振铃数据集。该项目的这一部分不仅将使更多的物种被纳入其中，还将允许学生评估许多物种的扩散行为是否可能被视为全球变化的结果。在该项目期间收集的信息将对致力于为英格兰制定空间保护计划的政府和非政府组织有用，并证明关于新的自然区(如通过生物多样性抵消创建的自然区)可能最有效地选址以确保物种能够迁徙和殖民的有用信息。