Binocular matching and disparity vergence.

描述(摘自申请者的摘要)：眼睛的正确对准 对于清晰、单一的视觉来说是必不可少的。早期发育过程中的错位 会导致弱视，这是一种永久性的视力障碍。凝视过程中的眼球对准 变化是由眼外的解剖组织决定的 肌肉和这些肌肉协调的、视觉引导的控制。这个 双目比较中的对准误差的检测和校正 视网膜图像被称为视差收敛，并且具有自反性和 自愿性方面。视差收敛的自反分量校正 水平、垂直和旋转对齐误差，虽然是自愿的 控制仅限于水平收敛。这个项目涉及的是 为自反式提供基础的视觉信息处理 垂直趋同反应所揭示的差异趋同。 首席调查员之前的工作表明，垂直 收敛控制器可以从动态随机中提取垂直视差信号 点立体图，但垂直收敛不受视觉影响 注意力或主体的努力，通常是在没有意识的情况下发生的。这些 因此，运动很可能反映了双眼的视觉过程 皮质的，但有意识的。 本项目中的实验提供了一种研究过程的方法 视觉系统的中间阶段。这些过程是 眼球对齐的控制，但不能用常规方法研究 心理物理技术，因为它们不一定对视觉有贡献 感知力。眼睛跟踪装置被用来检测眼睛的微小变化 响应于强加的垂直图像未对齐而进行的对齐，允许 会聚系统对各种图像的灵敏度的测量 参数。拟议的实验将确定对比度、空间 和时间频率，以及视觉特征类型在控制反射中的作用 眩晕眼球运动。双目视觉异常受试者的测量 将跟进初步证据，即反射收敛在某些情况下是完好的 立体盲5例。与常规方法结果的比较 心理物理敏感度测量将突出早期与 (意识前)和后来(知觉)视觉过程。长远的利益 这项研究将在诊断和治疗方面有所改进 眼线和深度知觉的双眼视觉障碍。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): Proper alignment of the eyes is essential for clear, single vision. Misalignment during early development can lead to amblyopia, a permanent visual impairment. Eye alignment during gaze changes is determined both by the anatomical organization of extraocular muscles and by the coordinated, visually-guided control of those muscles. The detection and correction of alignment errors from binocular comparison of retinal images is referred to as Disparity Vergence, and has both reflexive and voluntary aspects. The reflexive component of disparity vergence corrects horizontal, vertical and cyclotorsional errors of alignment, while voluntary control is restricted to horizontal vergence. This project is concerned with the visual information processing that provides the basis for reflexive disparity vergence, as revealed by vertical vergence responses. Previous work by the Principal Investigator has shown that the vertical vergence controller can extract vertical disparity signals from dynamic random dot stereograms, but that vertical vergence is not influenced by visual attention or subject effort and often occurs without conscious awareness. These movements thus reflect visual processes that are binocular, most probably cortical, but pre-conscious. The experiments in this project provide a way to study processing at an intermediate stage of the visual system. These processes are central to the control of eye alignment, but cannot be studied with conventional psychophysical techniques because they do not necessarily contribute to visual perception. An eye tracking device is used to detect small changes in eye alignment made in response to imposed vertical image misalignment, allowing for measurement of the vergence system's sensitivity to a variety of image parameters. Proposed experiments will determine the role of contrast, spatial and temporal frequency, and visual feature type in the control of reflexive vergence eye movements. Measurements in subjects with abnormal binocularity will follow up on preliminary evidence that reflex vergence is intact in some cases of stereoblindness. Comparison to results from conventional psychophysical sensitivity measures will highlight differences between early (pre-conscious) and later (perceptual) visual processes. The long-term benefit of this research will be improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of binocular visual disorders of eye alignment and depth perception.