Binocular matching and disparity vergence.

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：眼睛的正确对齐 对清晰、单一的视觉至关重要。早期发育过程中的错位 会导致弱视，一种永久性的视觉障碍。凝视期间的眼睛对准 变化是由眼外肌的解剖结构决定的， 肌肉和协调，视觉引导控制这些肌肉。的 从双目比较中检测和校正对准误差 视网膜图像被称为视差聚散，并且具有反射性和 自愿方面。视差聚散的自反分量校正 水平，垂直和旋转误差的对齐，而自愿 控制限于水平聚散。本项目涉及 视觉信息处理提供了反射的基础 视差聚散，如垂直聚散反应所揭示的。 首席研究员以前的工作表明， 聚散度控制器可以从动态随机信号中提取垂直视差信号， 点立体图，但垂直聚散度不受视觉影响 注意力或主体努力，并且经常在无意识的情况下发生。这些 因此，运动很可能反映了双眼的视觉过程， 皮质但有前意识 该项目的实验提供了一种研究在一个 视觉系统的中间阶段。这些过程是 眼睛对准的控制，但不能用传统的 心理物理技术，因为它们不一定有助于视觉 perception.一个眼球跟踪装置被用来检测眼睛的微小变化 响应于强加的垂直图像未对准而进行的对准， 聚散度系统对各种图像的灵敏度的测量 参数建议实验将确定的作用，对比度，空间 时间频率和视觉特征类型在自反控制中的作用 聚散性眼球运动双眼异常受试者的测量 我将跟进初步证据，反射聚散是完整的， 立体盲的病例。与常规方法结果的比较 心理物理敏感性测量将突出早期 （前意识）和后来的（知觉）视觉过程。的长期惠益 这项研究将改善诊断和治疗 眼睛排列和深度知觉的双眼视觉障碍。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): Proper alignment of the eyes is essential for clear, single vision. Misalignment during early development can lead to amblyopia, a permanent visual impairment. Eye alignment during gaze changes is determined both by the anatomical organization of extraocular muscles and by the coordinated, visually-guided control of those muscles. The detection and correction of alignment errors from binocular comparison of retinal images is referred to as Disparity Vergence, and has both reflexive and voluntary aspects. The reflexive component of disparity vergence corrects horizontal, vertical and cyclotorsional errors of alignment, while voluntary control is restricted to horizontal vergence. This project is concerned with the visual information processing that provides the basis for reflexive disparity vergence, as revealed by vertical vergence responses. Previous work by the Principal Investigator has shown that the vertical vergence controller can extract vertical disparity signals from dynamic random dot stereograms, but that vertical vergence is not influenced by visual attention or subject effort and often occurs without conscious awareness. These movements thus reflect visual processes that are binocular, most probably cortical, but pre-conscious. The experiments in this project provide a way to study processing at an intermediate stage of the visual system. These processes are central to the control of eye alignment, but cannot be studied with conventional psychophysical techniques because they do not necessarily contribute to visual perception. An eye tracking device is used to detect small changes in eye alignment made in response to imposed vertical image misalignment, allowing for measurement of the vergence system's sensitivity to a variety of image parameters. Proposed experiments will determine the role of contrast, spatial and temporal frequency, and visual feature type in the control of reflexive vergence eye movements. Measurements in subjects with abnormal binocularity will follow up on preliminary evidence that reflex vergence is intact in some cases of stereoblindness. Comparison to results from conventional psychophysical sensitivity measures will highlight differences between early (pre-conscious) and later (perceptual) visual processes. The long-term benefit of this research will be improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of binocular visual disorders of eye alignment and depth perception.