VISUAL COMPUTATIONS FOR MOTOR CONTROL

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：建议的目标 研究是为了了解Visio-Motor系统如何整合不同的提示 对于三维对象几何体，用于在球门过程中引导手的运动 定向运动；特别是指向、抓取和物体放置。 拟议的实验将调查视觉系统如何整合 双目和单目对表面方向和深度的提示 手部运动的规划和在线控制。我们将使用以下结果 这些实验比较了用来控制不同视觉策略的 运动行为，以控制相同行为的不同运动部件， 以及电机控制的不同阶段(计划与在线控制)。这个 结果将告诉我们哪些马达控制功能依赖于 常见的视觉计算，并且依赖于特定于任务的计算。我们 我还将比较用于组合运动控制线索的视觉策略 与那些用来做出感性判断的人一样，作为西方的一种假设 独立的视觉机制从属于这些广泛定义的任务域。我们 将进一步调查在执行过程中如何获得反馈 以目标为导向的运动适应了用于派生对象的视觉计算 指导手部动作的信息。具体地说，我们将人为地 调整不同3D线索与物理目标对象之间的相关性 几何图形(例如，曲面方向)和测量引起的线索变化 用于估计用于电机控制的对象几何图形的权重。我们将衡量 不同视觉运动任务之间以及不同视觉运动任务之间的学习迁移 视觉-运动任务和知觉任务的进一步测试 视觉计算的任务专一性。实验将在一个 包括用于显示视觉目标的虚拟显示系统的实验室 信息，用于为受试者放置物理目标的机械臂 REACH和用于测量手部运动的实时3D运动跟踪系统 运动学。描述了新的计算分析，以量化 视觉线索对运动控制的相对贡献，两者都是运动规划 并且用于在移动期间在线控制手。这项研究将 阐明辅助视觉过程之间的功能关系 不同的功能，无论是在感知判断的广义层面上还是在 视觉-运动行为，以及在一个运动任务与另一个运动任务之间更精细的水平 以及电机规划与在线电机控制。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The goal of the proposed research is to understand how the Visio-motor system integrates different cues for three-dimensional object geometry to guide motion of the hand during goal directed movements; particularly, pointing, prehension and object placement. The proposed experiments will investigate how the visual system integrates binocular and monocular cues to surface orientation and depth for both the planning and on-line control of hand movements. We will use the results of these experiments to compare the visual strategies used to control different motor behaviors, to control different motor components of the same behavior, and for different phases of motor control (planning vs. on-line control). The results will inform the question of which motor control functions rely on common visual computations and which rely on task-specific computations. We will also compare the visual strategies used to combine cues for motor control with those used to make perceptual judgments, as a west of the hypothesis that independent visual mechanisms subserve these broadly defined task domains. We will further investigate how feedback obtained during performance of goal-directed movements adapts the visual computations used to derive object information for guiding hand movements. Specifically, we will artificially adjust the correlations between different 3D cues and physical target object geometry (e.g. surface orientation) and measure induced changes in the cue weights used to estimate object geometry for motor control. We will measure transfer of learning between different visuo-motor tasks and between visuo-motor tasks and perceptual tasks as a further test of the task-specificity of visual computations. Experiments will be performed in a laboratory comprised of a virtual display system for display of visual target information, a robot arm for placement of physical targets for subjects' reaches and a real-time 3D motion tracking system for measuring hand movement kinematics. Novel computational analyses are described for quantifying the relative contributions of visual cues to motor control, both for motor planning and for on-line control of the hand during a movement. The research will elucidate the functional relationships between visual processes subserving different functions, both at the broad level of perceptual judgment vs. visuo-motor behavior and at a more refined level of one motor task vs. another and motor planning vs. on-line motor control.