Kinesthetic influences on visual motion perception in normal and older adults

动觉对正常人和老年人视觉运动知觉的影响

• 批准号: 8576067
• 负责人: DAVID C KNILL
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8576067
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Area; Articular Range of Motion; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Coupling; Decision Making; Detection; Elderly; Endogenous Factors; Event; Exhibits; Future; Hand; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Kinesthesis; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Motor; Movement; Nature; Noise; Outcome; Performance; Process; Proprioception; Reporting; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Testing; Training; Uncertainty; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Weight; age related; base; clinically significant; computerized data processing; discount; improved; improved functioning; multisensory; object motion; public health relevance; research study; segregation; tool; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): How the brain integrates kinesthetic information about self-generated movements with other sensory signals caused by those movements is largely unknown. While there is a substantial and growing body of research on how the brain integrates multiple sensory signals generated by objects and events in the world, much less is known about how the brain integrates kinesthetic and visual motion signals. Even less is known about how the interactions between kinesthesis and vision change with age. The current proposal addresses these gaps in our understanding, specifically aiming to elucidate how kinesthetic signals generated by one's hand motion influence visual motion processing and how those interactions change with age - a question of clinical significance because of the known age-related deficits in visual motion processing. The first aim focuses on an aspect of multisensory integration that is often overlooked - how the brain determines whether or not, or how strongly, to couple signals from different modalities (most current research focuses on how the brain weights different signals when they are perfectly coupled). We will measure how subjects adapt their inter-modal coupling to changes in signal reliability and compare subjects' performance to that of optimal Bayesian models that are parameterized by estimates of individual subjects' sensory uncertainty. The models provide a tool for testing the hypothesis that aging leads to changes in multimodal integration mechanisms themselves, by allowing us to discount the effects of changes in unimodal signal uncertainty on older subjects' behavior. The second aim will study whether and how the brain uses kinesthetic signals to support and enhance early visual processing and how this changes with age. In one set of experiments, we will test the hypothesis that predictive signals associated with kinesthesis enhance the detectability of congruent visual motion signals and measure the tuning of this enhancement to conflicts between the signals. Another set of experiments will test a strong version of the interaction hypothesis - that kinesthesis can be solely sufficient to generate visual motion percepts. Here, we will expand on a phenomenon discovered in our preliminary studies - that many subjects report seeing visual motion embedded in a white noise field optically collocated with their moving hand. To quantify the strength of generated motion percepts, we will experimentally determine the real visual motions that perceptually match reported phantom motions. We will further explore this kinesthetic enhancement of visual processing to determine whether the underlying interactions between kinesthesis and visual motion processing are multiplicative or additive. A final set of experiments will test the hypothesis that the brain uses kinesthetic signals to aid in motion segmentation by both enhancing the motion signal from a moving target when the hand moves the target and by suppressing the background when the hand moves it. We will measure age-related changes for each of these three forms of interaction between kinesthesis and vision; matching signal uncertainty for young and older subjects to isolate changes that are result from age-related changes in multisensory integration mechanisms.

描述(申请人提供)：大脑如何将关于自身产生的运动的运动信息与由这些运动引起的其他感觉信号整合在一起，在很大程度上是未知的。虽然关于大脑如何整合由世界上的物体和事件产生的多个感觉信号的研究很多，而且还在不断增加，但关于大脑如何整合动觉和视觉运动信号的研究要少得多。关于手势和视觉之间的相互作用如何随着年龄的变化而变化的信息就更少了。目前的建议解决了我们在理解上的这些差距，特别是旨在阐明一个人的手运动产生的运动信号如何影响视觉运动加工，以及这些交互作用如何随着年龄的变化而变化-这是一个具有临床意义的问题，因为已知视觉运动加工中与年龄相关的缺陷。第一个目标集中在多感官整合中经常被忽视的一个方面--大脑如何决定是否或以多大程度耦合来自不同模式的信号(目前大多数研究集中在不同信号完美耦合时，大脑如何对它们进行加权)。我们将测量受试者如何使他们的模式间耦合适应信号可靠性的变化，并将受试者的表现与最优贝叶斯模型的表现进行比较，最优贝叶斯模型通过对个体受试者感觉不确定性的估计来参数化。这些模型通过允许我们打消单峰信号不确定性的变化对老年受试者行为的影响，为检验衰老导致多模式整合机制本身变化的假设提供了一种工具。第二个目标将研究大脑是否以及如何使用动觉信号来支持和增强早期的视觉处理，以及这种情况如何随着年龄的变化而变化。在一组实验中，我们将测试这一假设，即与运动动作相关的预测信号增强了一致视觉运动信号的可检测性，并测量了这种增强对信号之间冲突的调节。另一组实验将测试交互假说的一个强有力的版本--动感可以完全足以产生视觉运动感知。在这里，我们将扩展在我们的初步研究中发现的一个现象--许多受试者报告看到视觉运动嵌入到白噪声场中，并以光学方式配置他们移动的手。为了量化产生的运动感知的强度，我们将通过实验确定在感知上与报告的幻影运动相匹配的真实视觉运动。我们将进一步探索视觉加工的这种动觉增强，以确定动觉和视觉运动加工之间的潜在相互作用是乘法的还是相加的。最后一组实验将检验大脑使用 通过当手移动目标时增强来自移动目标的运动信号和通过在手移动目标时抑制背景来帮助运动分割的动觉信号。我们将测量这三种形式的运动和视觉之间相互作用的年龄相关变化；匹配年轻和老年受试者的信号不确定性，以隔离多感觉整合机制中与年龄相关的变化所导致的变化。