EMOTION DIAGNOSTIC FOR PRESCHOOLERS PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

学龄前儿童心理病理学情绪诊断

• 批准号: 6392385
• 负责人: MICHAEL POTEGAL
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6392385
• 关键词: aggression; angers; attention deficit disorder; behavior prediction; child behavior disorders; clinical research; cryings; emotions; human subject; mental disorder diagnosis; personality; preschool child (1-5)

Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis of tantrum descriptions provided by parents indicate that tantrums consist of two main sets of behaviors. Anger-related behaviors, e.g., shouting, hitting, kicking, stamping, or throwing, are maximal at tantrum onset and decline within a few minutes. Whining, comfort-seeking, and crying are distress-signalling behaviors. Crying occurs with a probability of about 50 percent at tantrum onset and increases in probability and intensity throughout the tantrum; comfort-seeking increases sharply toward the end. Further evidence for the separability of anger and distress comes from our study of right/left hemisphere EEG asymmetries in tantrum prone and non tantrum prone 4 year olds in which there was a significant correlation of right frontal cortex activation with facial expressions of sadness while left posterior temporal activation was associated with both parental reports and laboratory measures of anger. Although independent, anger and distress overlap in the tantrums of most children. With clinical psychopathology, however, tantrum patterns may become exaggerated in one or another direction. Several lines of evidence suggest that 4 year olds presenting primarily with externalizing behavior disorders may have frequent, predominantly angry tantrums in which they are more likely to run away than throw themselves down. Four year olds with primarily internalizing emotional disorders may have prolonged, predominantly distress related tantrums in which they are more likely to seek comfort and/or throw themselves down than run away. We propose to test this hypothesis by training parents of externalizing and internalizing 4 year olds to record their children's tantrums. We propose to determine if tantrum characteristics predict the reactions of these children to emotion eliciting situations in the laboratory. Some physiological indices suggest that baseline levels of physiological arousal and stress are lower in externalizing children and higher in internalizing children. We propose to test the hypotheses that skin conductance baseline levels and reactivity may be inversely associated with tantrum anger while salivary cortisol baseline levels and reactivity may be directly related to tantrum distress. Children typically relinquish tantrums by their fifth year, studies have shown that tantrums persisting to age 8 are strongly prognostic of poor adjustment. We propose to extend this to a younger age by testing whether the frequency, duration, or behavioral content (anger and/or distress) of tantrums at 4 years of age predict the persistence of tantrums and the severity of psychopathology at 5 years.

多维尺度和因子分析的脾气描述父母提供的表明，脾气包括两个主要的行为集。 与愤怒有关的行为，例如，大吼大叫、打、踢、跺脚或摔，在发脾气时最严重，并在几分钟内下降。 发牢骚、寻求安慰和哭泣都是表达痛苦的行为。在发脾气时，哭的概率大约是50%，在整个发脾气过程中，哭的概率和强度都在增加;寻求安慰的行为在发脾气结束时急剧增加。愤怒和痛苦的可分离性的进一步证据来自于我们对4岁儿童的右/左半球脑电图不对称性的研究，在该研究中，右额叶皮层激活与悲伤的面部表情显著相关，而左后颞叶激活与父母的报告和实验室测量的愤怒相关。虽然独立，愤怒和痛苦重叠在大多数孩子的脾气。 然而，在临床精神病理学中，发脾气的模式可能会在一个或另一个方向上被夸大。几条证据表明，主要表现为外化行为障碍的4岁奥尔兹可能经常发脾气，主要是愤怒，他们更有可能逃跑而不是摔倒。 四岁的奥尔兹主要是内化情绪障碍可能有长期的，主要是与痛苦有关的发脾气，他们更有可能寻求安慰和/或把自己打倒而不是逃跑。 我们建议通过训练外化和内化的4岁奥尔兹的父母记录他们孩子的发脾气来验证这一假设。 我们建议，以确定是否发脾气的特点预测这些儿童的情绪引发的情况下，在实验室的反应。 一些生理指标表明，生理唤醒和压力的基线水平在外化儿童中较低，而在内化儿童中较高。 我们建议测试的假设，皮肤电导的基线水平和反应可能与发脾气的愤怒，而唾液皮质醇的基线水平和反应可能直接相关的发脾气苦恼。 孩子们通常在五岁的时候就不再发脾气了，研究表明，持续到八岁的发脾气强烈预示着他们的适应能力很差。我们建议通过测试4岁时发脾气的频率、持续时间或行为内容（愤怒和/或痛苦）是否能预测5岁时发脾气的持续性和精神病理学的严重程度，将其扩展到更年轻的年龄。

项目成果

The behavioral organization, temporal characteristics, and diagnostic concomitants of rage outbursts in child psychiatric inpatients.

• DOI: 10.1007/s11920-009-0020-2
• 发表时间: 2009-04
• 期刊: CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REPORTS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Potegal, Michael;Carlson, Gabrielle A.;Margulies, David;Basile, Joann;Gutkovich, Zinoviy A.;Wall, Melanie
• 通讯作者: Wall, Melanie

Rages or temper tantrums? The behavioral organization, temporal characteristics, and clinical significance of angry-agitated outbursts in child psychiatry inpatients.

• DOI: 10.1007/s10578-009-0148-7
• 发表时间: 2009-12
• 期刊: CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Potegal, Michael;Carlson, Gabrielle;Margulies, David;Gutkovitch, Zinoviy;Wall, Melanie
• 通讯作者: Wall, Melanie