Impact of safeners on herbicide metabolism and metabolic profile in solo and mixture products

安全剂对单独和混合物产品中除草剂代谢和代谢特征的影响

• 批准号: 1657701
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1657701
• 关键词: Impact; safeners; herbicide; metabolism; metabolic

Maintaining the effective control of weeds in arable crop production is one of the principal problems faced by modern agriculture. Herbicide resistance in weeds has reduced the selectivity of many herbicides, which when coupled with the loss of many herbicides from the market[1], demonstrates a clear requirement for improving weed control methods.Safeners are agrochemicals that increase herbicide tolerance in large grained cereals, reducing crop damage and enhancing selective weed control. While the mode of action of safening is not fully understood, it is known to be associated with the increased expression of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, collectively termed the xenome[2], that results in the accelerated metabolism and sequestration of herbicides. While safeners are intended for use with specific partner herbicides, their ability to cause large changes in xenome expression has the potential to modify the metabolism of other classes of pesticides which may be present in mixture products. In addition, the changes to herbicide metabolism caused by safeners are still elusive, and may include the production of aberrant metabolites, modified levels of conventional metabolites, and alterations in final residue composition. This, therefore, presents a safety risk to consumers of cereal food products, which must be addressed. In this project, the ability of safeners to alter the rate and/or route of detoxification of a range of systemic pesticides will be determined in key cereal crops, with a focus on herbicide mixtures. By developing a detailed understanding of the generic effects of safeners on xenome components and metabolic profiles, a predictive framework for anticipating changes in the metabolism of a range of pesticide chemistries will be developed, through a combination of empirical measurement and modelling. Training will focus on developing a detailed understanding of pesticide metabolism in planta, relevant to the crop protection industry, and also on gaining experience in studying the molecular biology, biochemistry and regulation of the xenomes of agronomically important crops. This project should offer valuable insight into the effects that commercial safeners have on metabolic profiles and residue profiles in cereal crops, thus creating a stronger scientific basis to support the crop protection field, and to address the issues with food security and sustainability.1. Heap, I., Global perspective of herbicide-resistant weeds. Pest management science, 2014. 70(9): p. 1306-1315.2. Edwards, R., et al., New perspectives on the metabolism and detoxification of synthetic compounds in plants, in Organic xenobiotics and plants. 2011, Springer. p. 125-148.

保持对可耕地作物生产中杂草的有效控制是现代农业面临的主要问题之一。杂草对除草剂的抗药性降低了许多除草剂的选择性，再加上许多除草剂从市场上流失[1]，这表明需要改进杂草控制方法。安全剂是一种农用化学品，可以提高大粒谷物对除草剂的耐受性，减少作物损害，增强杂草的选择性控制。虽然安全化的作用模式尚未完全了解，但已知其与异生物质解毒酶（统称为异源组[2]）的表达增加有关，这导致除草剂的加速代谢和螯合。虽然安全剂旨在与特定的除草剂伙伴一起使用，但它们引起异种表达的巨大变化的能力有可能改变可能存在于混合物产品中的其他类别农药的代谢。此外，由安全剂引起的除草剂代谢的变化仍然是难以捉摸的，并且可能包括异常代谢物的产生、常规代谢物水平的改变以及最终残留物组成的改变。因此，这对谷物食品的消费者构成了安全风险，必须加以解决。在该项目中，将确定安全剂改变一系列内吸性农药解毒速率和/或途径的能力，重点是除草剂混合物。通过发展安全剂对异素组成分和代谢概况的一般性影响的详细了解，将通过经验测量和建模相结合，开发一个预测框架，用于预测一系列农药化学物质的代谢变化。培训将侧重于详细了解与作物保护行业相关的植物中的农药代谢，并在研究分子生物学、生物化学和重要农艺作物异基因组调控方面获得经验。该项目将为商业安全剂对谷类作物的代谢特征和残留特征的影响提供有价值的见解，从而为支持作物保护领域以及解决粮食安全和可持续性问题创造更强有力的科学基础。希普岛，抗除草剂杂草的全球视角。害虫管理科学，2014年。70（9）：第1306-1315.2页。爱德华兹，R.，例如，植物中合成化合物的代谢和解毒的新观点，有机异生物质和植物。2011年，斯普林格。第125-148页。