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Crop specificity of herbicide safeners

除草剂安全剂的作物特异性

基本信息

批准号：
1665996
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1665996
关键词：
Crop specificity herbicide safeners

项目摘要

Herbicide safeners are a diverse group of agrochemicals used to enhance tolerance to selective herbicides in large-grained cereal crops. This effect is not observed in dicotyledenous plants and weeds (DeRidder et al., 2002). While their exact mode of action remains to be determined, safeners appear to exert their protective action through the induction of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes and associated transport proteins collectively termed the xenome (Edwards, 2010). While safeners only invoke enhanced herbicide tolerance in cereals, their inducing activity toward selective xenome components has been reported in model dicots, notably in Arabidopsis and in grass weeds (DeRidder et al., 2002). This suggests the signalling systems safeners interact with are conserved in plants, but result in different outcomes in a species-specific manner. In addition, differing safener chemistries are used in conjunction with specific combinations of herbicides and cereal crops. This suggests that safener perception in plants can be compound specific.In this project a combination of biochemical and molecular genetic approaches will be employed to study the interaction of specific safener chemistries with the xenome regulatory pathways of a range of crops and model species. Emphasis will be placed on identifying core signalling pathways that are conserved in safening, as well as the components that confer species selectivity in the recognition of contemporary chemistries.At the conclusion of the study, the relationship between herbicide safeners and natural signalling mechanisms may be determined and then it would be possible to formulate hypotheses as to the common point at which herbicide safeners act to stimulate multiple signalling pathways, which can inevitably lead to better and safer design of herbicide safeners aiming at the sustainable intensification of agriculture. ReferencesDeRidder, B. P. 'Induction Of Glutathione S-Transferases In Arabidopsis By Herbicide Safeners'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 130.3 (2002): 1497-1505. Edwards, Robert. 'New Perspectives On The Metabolism And Detoxification Of Synthetic Compounds In Plants'. Plant Ecophysiology 8 (2010): 125-148.

除草剂安全剂是用于提高大粒谷类作物对选择性除草剂的耐受性的一组不同的农用化学品。在双子叶植物和杂草中没有观察到这种效应（DeRidder等人，2002年）。虽然安全剂的确切作用方式仍有待确定，但它们似乎通过诱导生物异源解毒酶和相关转运蛋白（统称为异源组）发挥保护作用（Edwards，2010年）。虽然安全剂仅在谷类中引起增强的除草剂耐受性，但已在模式双子叶植物中，特别是在拟南芥和禾本科杂草中报道了它们对选择性异种组组分的诱导活性（DeRidder et al. 2002年）。这表明安全剂相互作用的信号系统在植物中是保守的，但以物种特异性的方式导致不同的结果。此外，不同的安全剂化学品与除草剂和谷类作物的特定组合结合使用。这表明，安全剂的感知在植物中可以是化合物specific.In本项目的组合生物化学和分子遗传学的方法将被用来研究特定的安全剂化学与一系列作物和模式物种的外源基因调控途径的相互作用。重点将放在确定在安全化中保守的核心信号传导途径，以及在当代化学识别中赋予物种选择性的组分上。除草剂安全剂和天然信号机制之间的关系可以确定，然后就有可能制定关于除草剂安全剂作用于刺激多种信号传导机制的共同点的假设。这将不可避免地导致更好和更安全的除草剂安全剂设计，旨在实现可持续的农业集约化。参考文献DeRidder，B. P. '除草剂安全剂对拟南芥中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的诱导'。Plant Physiology 130.3（2002）：1497-1505.爱德华兹罗伯特“植物合成化合物的代谢和脱乙酰化的新观点”。Plant Ecophysiology 8（2010）：125-148.