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Mosquito biting behavior and malaria transmission: interactions between host preferences and local environmental conditions

蚊虫叮咬行为与疟疾传播：宿主偏好与当地环境条件之间的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
1784553
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1784553
关键词：
Mosquito biting behavior malaria transmission

项目摘要

Vector-borne diseases particularly malaria cause a significant burden on human populations in the tropics. Distribution of these diseases is governed by a mix of both environmental and social factors which in turn effect vector and host interactions. A key factor behind the transmission of vector borne diseases is the behavior of the vector its self within its environment. Mathematical modelling plays a crucial role in aiding in predicting disease transmission dynamics and allow the potential impact of control measures to be assessed across various scenarios. Despite its clear importance, it is currently recognised as a neglected area of research. All mathematical models have factors within the model to reflect various scenarios which relate to the field situation. Usually these can be based on assumptions or on experiment evidence collected from the field. Recently mathematical models of arthropod borne disease have developed and increased in complexity resulting in an increased number of parameters. Despite this surge in complex models, at the core of many of these models there are still some assumptions. One of these assumptions is how vector host preference is affected by host availability.Different mosquito species show a variety of host biting behaviours. For example, Anopheles gambiae (a primary malaria vector) has shown an extreme preference for human blood over other blood meal sources. As a result of this, their influence on disease transmission in human populations is highly significant. Currently many disease models assume the proportion of bites humans receive from a mosquito population is directly proportional to the human host availability. However, research into insect ecology shows us that this is rarely the case. Despite this, this assumption is central to many vector-borne disease models and at this time is solely based on theoretical data.The role of host species availability, particularly availability of humans in a population is crucial to determine if disease transmission and control programs predictions are to be accurately modelled. This is particularly important for diseases such as malaria where control and reduction of disease burden operates by reducing the number of individuals available to bite, primarily through use of bed nets, repellents and other control measures. Importantly, this can have a profound effect on how effective a disease control intervention is predicted to be and therefore it is vital to determine this response in a field setting.This PhD has provided the opportunity to collect novel, empirical field data and is allowing me to develop skills in molecular biology as well as learn how to generate mathematical models to predict disease transmission and better assess disease control strategies. This work could not only have a profound effect on malaria control strategies but also on vector control efforts as a whole. In addition, the lab based work will also allow data to be collected of species composition, insecticide resistance status, vector species overlap and prevalence of arthropod borne disease in the local mosquito populations allowing control efforts to be better targeted.

病媒传播的疾病，特别是疟疾，给热带人口造成巨大负担。这些疾病的分布受环境和社会因素的综合影响，而环境和社会因素反过来又影响媒介和宿主的相互作用。病媒传播疾病背后的一个关键因素是病媒在其环境中的行为。数学建模在帮助预测疾病传播动态方面发挥着至关重要的作用，并使控制措施的潜在影响能够在各种情况下得到评估。尽管它显然很重要，但目前它被认为是一个被忽视的研究领域。所有数学模型都有模型内的因子，以反映与实地情况有关的各种情况。通常，这些可以基于假设或从实地收集的实验证据。最近，节肢动物传播疾病的数学模型得到了发展，并增加了复杂性，导致参数的数量增加。尽管复杂模型激增，但其中许多模型的核心仍有一些假设。这些假设之一是媒介宿主的偏好如何受到宿主可获得性的影响。不同的蚊子物种表现出不同的叮咬宿主的行为。例如，冈比亚按蚊(一种主要的疟疾媒介)表现出对人血的极端偏好，而不是其他血粉来源。因此，它们对人类人口中的疾病传播的影响是非常显著的。目前，许多疾病模型假设人类从蚊子种群中被叮咬的比例与人类宿主的可获得性成正比。然而，对昆虫生态学的研究表明，这种情况很少发生。尽管如此，这一假设是许多媒介传播疾病模型的核心，目前仅基于理论数据。宿主物种可获得性的作用，特别是人类在种群中的可获得性，对于确定疾病传播和控制程序的预测是否要被准确建模至关重要。这对疟疾等疾病尤其重要，在这些疾病中，控制和减少疾病负担的办法是减少可叮咬的人数，主要是通过使用蚊帐、驱虫剂和其他控制措施。重要的是，这可能对疾病控制干预措施的预测效果产生深远影响，因此在现场环境中确定这种反应是至关重要的。这个博士学位提供了收集新的、经验的现场数据的机会，使我能够发展分子生物学技能，并学习如何生成数学模型来预测疾病传播和更好地评估疾病控制策略。这项工作不仅会对疟疾控制战略产生深远影响，而且会对整个病媒控制工作产生深远影响。此外，这项以实验室为基础的工作还将收集当地蚊子种群的物种组成、抗药性状况、媒介物种重叠和节肢动物传播疾病流行率的数据，从而使控制工作更有针对性。