Finite Element Analyses of the Mammalian Skull: The Impact of Biting Behavior
哺乳动物头骨的有限元分析:咬合行为的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:0447616
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 33.31万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2005
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2005-03-01 至 2009-02-28
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Biting Style and the Biomechanics of Feeding in MammalsElizabeth R. Dumont (PI), Ian R. Grosse (Co-PI)University of Massachusetts, AmherstThe evolutionary history of mammals is largely a story about exploiting an ever broader array of food resources. While the first mammals were insect-eaters, modern mammals specialize in diets ranging from insects to fruits, foliage, meat, and plankton. This diversity in diet is reflected in the shape of the skull - the primary 'tool' that mammals use to bite and chew food. Importantly, however, the underlying mechanism driving the evolution of this diversity is unknown. This study explores the importance of the biomechanical link between the forces generated during biting and the anatomy of mammal skulls that safely and optimally bear and disperse these forces. Further, this study investigates the role of this relationship in the evolution of diversity in skull shape.Previous analyses of mammalian feeding have taken one of two approaches, each of which has inherent limitations. Broad comparative studies document correlations between skull shape and diet, but fall short of testing the causal mechanisms underlying the correlations. On the other hand, detailed experimental studies document how bones and muscles behave during feeding, but the experimental conditions are often far from natural. This study will be the first to combine data on biting behavior and bite force gathered in the field with biomechanical experiments carried out in the laboratory.The first aim is to investigate how different biting styles apply loads to the skull and how those loads are dispersed. Causal links between routine biting behaviors and morphology will be identified by comparing the loading regimes imposed by different biting styles within species. The second aim is to address two other unresolved issues regarding feeding in mammals: the extent to which skull shape is limited by other sensory systems (in this case, vision), and the strength of the facial skeleton relative to forces generated during feeding. Answers to these issues may explain why some lineages of mammals exhibit a wider variety of skull shapes than do others. Initially, the forces generated by biting will be measured and the feeding behavior of mammals will be documented in the field. Next, the mechanical implications of these behaviors will be investigated in the laboratory using finite element (FE) modeling and analysis, a physics-based numerical technique widely used by engineers to assess the mechanical behavior of physical systems. FE analysis (FEA) provides a truly novel perspective on form-function relationships, but is not yet accessible to most biologists. An objective is to make FEA more accessible by accomplishing two specific methodological aims: 1) determine the extent to which FE models of mammal skulls can be simplified and still yield sufficiently accurate results, and 2) develop protocols for efficiently translating CT-scans into three dimensional FE models. These results will be communicated to the biology community through peer-reviewed scientific publications, presentations, and workshops. This collaboration between a functional anatomist and a mechanical engineer offers an excellent opportunity to train graduate students and to expose undergraduates to collaborative, interdisciplinary research in biomechanics, comparative anatomy, and mechanical engineering. Graduate Research Assistants will conduct their own original research, and help the PIs to mentor 4-6 undergraduate research projects. These projects will serve as a springboard to graduate studies in biology and/or engineering.
哺乳动物的咬合方式和进食生物力学Elizabeth R. Dumont (PI), Ian R. Grosse (Co-PI)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校哺乳动物的进化史很大程度上是一个关于开发更广泛的食物资源的故事。虽然最早的哺乳动物是以昆虫为食,但现代哺乳动物的饮食范围从昆虫到水果、树叶、肉类和浮游生物。这种饮食的多样性反映在头骨的形状上,头骨是哺乳动物用来咬和咀嚼食物的主要“工具”。然而重要的是,驱动这种多样性进化的潜在机制尚不清楚。这项研究探讨了咬合过程中产生的力与安全、最佳地承受和分散这些力的哺乳动物头骨的解剖结构之间的生物力学联系的重要性。 此外,这项研究还调查了这种关系在头骨形状多样性进化中的作用。之前对哺乳动物进食的分析采用了两种方法之一,每种方法都有固有的局限性。广泛的比较研究记录了头骨形状和饮食之间的相关性,但未能测试这些相关性背后的因果机制。另一方面,详细的实验研究记录了进食过程中骨骼和肌肉的行为,但实验条件往往与自然条件相去甚远。这项研究将首次将现场收集的咬合行为和咬合力数据与实验室进行的生物力学实验相结合。第一个目标是研究不同的咬合方式如何向头骨施加载荷以及这些载荷如何分散。通过比较物种内不同咬合方式所施加的负载模式,可以确定常规咬合行为和形态之间的因果关系。第二个目标是解决有关哺乳动物进食的另外两个未解决的问题:头骨形状受其他感觉系统(在本例中为视觉)限制的程度,以及面部骨骼相对于进食过程中产生的力的强度。这些问题的答案可以解释为什么某些哺乳动物谱系表现出比其他谱系更多种的头骨形状。 最初,将测量咬合产生的力,并在现场记录哺乳动物的进食行为。接下来,将在实验室中使用有限元 (FE) 建模和分析来研究这些行为的机械影响,这是一种基于物理的数值技术,被工程师广泛用于评估物理系统的机械行为。有限元分析 (FEA) 为形式与功能关系提供了一种真正新颖的视角,但大多数生物学家尚无法理解。目标是通过实现两个具体的方法目标来使 FEA 更易于使用:1)确定哺乳动物头骨的 FE 模型可以简化到何种程度,并且仍能产生足够准确的结果;2)开发用于有效地将 CT 扫描转换为三维 FE 模型的协议。这些结果将通过同行评审的科学出版物、演示文稿和研讨会传达给生物学界。功能解剖学家和机械工程师之间的合作为培养研究生和让本科生接触生物力学、比较解剖学和机械工程方面的协作、跨学科研究提供了绝佳的机会。研究生研究助理将开展自己的原创研究,并帮助 PI 指导 4-6 个本科生研究项目。这些项目将作为生物学和/或工程学研究生学习的跳板。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
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Elizabeth Dumont其他文献
The effect of jaw suspension on cartilage strength in elasmobranchs.
下颌悬挂对软骨鱼类软骨强度的影响。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.5
- 作者:
Cheryl Wilga;Lara Ferry;Elizabeth Dumont - 通讯作者:
Elizabeth Dumont
Elizabeth Dumont的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Elizabeth Dumont', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Discovering genomic and developmental mechanisms that underlie sensory innovations critical to adaptive diversification
合作研究:发现对适应性多样化至关重要的感官创新背后的基因组和发育机制
- 批准号:
1945753 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The role of integration in driving the morphological diversity of mammalian jaws
论文研究:整合在驱动哺乳动物颌骨形态多样性中的作用
- 批准号:
1501385 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Burrowing Behavior of Eastern Moles
论文研究:东方鼹鼠的挖洞行为
- 批准号:
1407171 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Discovering genomic and developmental mechanisms that underlie sensory innovations critical to adaptive diversification
合作研究:发现对适应性多样化至关重要的感官创新背后的基因组和发育机制
- 批准号:
1442278 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Strain in Cartilaginous Fish Skeletons
合作研究:软骨鱼骨骼应变
- 批准号:
1354240 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Northeast LSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate
东北LSAMP通往博士学位的桥梁
- 批准号:
1400382 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
2011-2016 Northeast Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (Senior Alliance Project)
2011-2016年东北路易斯斯托克斯少数族裔参与联盟(高级联盟项目)
- 批准号:
1102489 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Cooperative Agreement
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Functional and comparative morphology of the nasal cavity in phyllostomid bats
论文研究:叶口蝙蝠鼻腔的功能和比较形态
- 批准号:
1110641 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Biomesh: A Digital Resource Collection at the Biology-Engineering Interface
Biomesh:生物工程接口的数字资源集合
- 批准号:
0743460 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 33.31万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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