Design and synthesis of new porous organic materials: Porous liquids

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James et al. proposed the idea of a novel class of porous materials in 2007. These were described as 'liquids with well-defined pores within the molecular capable of molecular recognition of other species.'1 Several classes of porous liquids have been defined based on their molecular structure and whether solvent molecules are present. Porous liquids are unlike conventional liquids as their cavities remain empty even if solvent molecules are present and the pores are within the molecules themselves. The properties of these materials would allow them to be used in a number of applications, such as gas separation and hydrogen storage. The project will follow on from the work by Copper et al. who synthesised a porous liquid from porous organic cages in PCP. There are several problems with the current system as there was relatively low porosity compared to similar solid materials. PCP is also an expensive and toxic solvent so not ideal for large scale use. The aim of the project is to overcome these issues by improving porosity by at least 50%. New systems will be explored in order to do this, particularly moving towards porous cage ionic liquids. O'Reilly, N., Giri, N., and James, S.L., Porous Liquids. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 3020 - 3025.Giri, N., Del Pópolo, M.G., Melaugh, G., Greenaway. R.L.,Rätzke, K., Koschine, T.,Pison, L., Costa Gomes, M. F., Cooper, A.I, and James, S.L.. Liquids with permeant porosity. Nature. 2015, 527, 216-221. Zhang, J., Chai, S. H., Qiao, Z. A., Mahurin, S. M., Chen, J., Fang, Y., Wang, S., Nelson, K., Zhang, P., and Dai, S. Porous liquids: A promising class of media for gas separation. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 932 -936