LACK OF AGE APPROPRIATE IMMUNIZATION AMONG INFANTS BORN IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

本研究的目的是确定与低免疫率和良好儿童保育有关的心理、社会学和其他因素。参与研究的母亲在分娩后不久接受了采访。这个“基线”访谈包括母亲、父亲和婴儿的社会人口学特征信息；母亲的病史；家庭的社会心理特征；以及母亲的知识、信仰和做法，以及儿童保健、免疫和其他卫生保健做法。进行了两次“后续”访谈，一次是在婴儿3到7个月大的时候，另一次是在婴儿7个月到1岁的时候。在为期3个月和7个月的访谈中，重复了基线访谈中涉及的一些问题和主题（例如，关于免疫做法的感知社会规范）。此外，在这些“随访”访谈中收集了关于卫生保健实践、医疗访问和免疫接种的结果数据。在三个月和七个月的面谈中获得的关于免疫接种和医疗访问的信息，通过检查确定的提供者地点的医疗记录得到核实。3个月时，75%的婴儿是最新的（UTD），而7个月时只有42%。与UTD相关的因素包括怀孕期间参加妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充计划（WIC）、有意母乳喂养、婴儿的祖母在家中、免疫接种障碍较低、出生顺序较低以及母亲就业。初步结果在2000年5月的儿科研究学会会议上发表。

The purpose of this study is to identify psychological, sociological and other factors associated with low rates of immunization and well child care. Mothers enrolled in the study were interviewed shortly after giving birth. This "baseline" interview included information on sociodemographic characteristics of the mother, father and infant; the mothers medical history; psychosocial features of the family; and maternal knowledge, beliefs and practices surrounding well child care and immunizations and other health care practices. Two "follow-up" interviews were conducted, one when the infant is between three and seven months of age and one when the infant was between seven months and one year of age. A number of questions and topics covered on the baseline interview (e.g., perceived social norms regarding immunization practices) were repeated in the three and seven month interviews. Additionally, outcome data on health care practices, medical visits, and immunizations were collected during these "follow-up" interviews. Information obtained in the three and seven month interviews on immunizations and medical visits was verified via inspection of medical records at the identified provider sites. At three months 75% of infants were up to date (UTD) versus only 42% at seven months. Factors associated with being UTD included enrollment in the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during pregnancy, intention to breastfeed, presence of the infant's grandmother in the household, low perceived barriers to immunization, lower birth order, and maternal employment. Preliminary results were presnted at the May 2000 meeting of the Society for Pediatric Research.