FUNCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL REGIONS FOR GENOME STABILITY

染色体区域对基因组稳定性的作用

• 批准号: 6423821
• 负责人: VLADIMIR LARIONOV
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6423821
• 关键词: DNA; RNA directed DNA polymerase; artificial chromosomes; centromere; chromosomes; gene expression; genome; human genetic material tag; human tissue; method development; molecular cloning; telomerase; telomere; tissue /cell culture; transfection; tumor suppressor genes

Using the recently developed TAR (Transformation-Associated Recombination) cloning technique, it is possible to directly isolate specific chromosomal regions and genes from complex genomes as large linear or circular YACs using a complete or a partial sequence information. During last year a work was focused on further optimizing of TAR cloning to make the technology more widely used in the scientific community. In addition, entire copies of four human genes including metastasis-suppressor gene KAI1, a paternally expressed gene Ubiq and the telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT gene were successfully isolated for further functional studies. TAR cloning technique has been also applied for isolation and characterization of centromeric regions of human chromosome. As a part of this study a complete sequence of centromeric region of the human Y chromosome was determined. This centromeric fragment containing ~140 kb of alphoid DNA was used for construction of small circular Human Artificial Chromosome lacking telomeres (HAC). When transfected into human cells, it is stably maintained at 1-2 copies per cell. Development of the HAC cloning system provides new opportunities for human gene therapy and could have profound effects on our understanding of mechanisms of human chromosome segregation.

利用最近开发的TAR（转化相关扩增）克隆技术，可以使用完整或部分序列信息从复杂基因组中直接分离特定的染色体区域和基因作为大的线性或环状YAC。去年的工作重点是进一步优化TAR克隆，使该技术在科学界得到更广泛的应用。此外，成功分离了包括转移抑制基因KAI 1、父系表达基因Ubiq和端粒酶逆转录酶hTERT基因在内的四个人类基因的完整拷贝，用于进一步的功能研究。 TAR克隆技术也被用于分离和鉴定人类染色体的着丝粒区域。 作为本研究的一部分，测定了人Y染色体着丝粒区的完整序列。 该着丝粒片段含有约140 kb的α DNA，用于构建小型环状人类人工染色体缺乏端粒（HAC）。 当转染到人细胞中时，它稳定地维持在每个细胞1-2个拷贝。HAC克隆系统的发展为人类基因治疗提供了新的机会，并可能对我们理解人类染色体分离的机制产生深远的影响。