Ultra-Low-Noise Transition Edge Sensors for X-ray and High-Energy Physics Applications

过渡边缘传感器（TES）是一种超低噪声光子计数器件。它正在开发的光子计数光谱应用在大部分的电磁频谱。博士学位的目的是为x射线和高能物理应用建模，制造和测试苔丝。该项目的第一部分将集中于使用Usadel微分方程来理解模式超导双层层的行为，然后该模型将用于理解磁场依赖性。以后的工作将涉及到交流偏置操作，建模设备级方面的性能，和频域多路复用操作。该学生将测试在我们自己的设备加工实验室制造的设备，并将与荷兰空间研究组织合作测试他们的设备。实验工作将需要在100 mK低温电子操作的详细知识，以及一般的低温技术。在项目的最后阶段，学生将把他们的数值模拟与实验结果进行比较。目标是能够创建软件技术，允许在特定设计制造之前探索和预测这类非常重要的设备的行为。

A Transition Edge Sensor (TES) is an ultra-low-noise photon counting device. It is being developed for photon counting spectroscopic applications across large parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The purpose of the PhD is to model, fabricate and test TESs for X-ray and high energy physics applications. The first part of the project will concentrate on understanding the behaviour of patterned superconducting bilayers using the Usadel differential equations, and then this model will be used to understand magnetic field dependence. Later work will relate to AC biased operation, modelling device-level aspects of performance, and Frequency Domain Multiplexed operation. The student will test devices fabricated in our own device processing laboratory, and will also work with the Space Research Organisation of the Netherlands to test their devices. The experimental work will require a detail knowledge of cryogenic electronics operating at 100 mK, and general cryogenic techniques. In the final phase of the project, the student will compare their numerical simulations with experimental results. The aim is to be able to create software techniques that will allow the behaviour of this very important class of device to be explored and predicted before specific designs are fabricated.