Mathematical and Behavioural Ecology of Human Disease Vectors in Response to Environmental Change - Afs, BfH, ENWW

人类疾病媒介响应环境变化的数学和行为生态学 - Afs、BfH、ZHCN

• 批准号: 1810139
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1810139
• 关键词: Mathematical; Behavioural; Ecology; Human; Disease

Density dependence is a stage-specific process which is key to the regulation of populations[1]. In many species, the strength of density dependence may vary as a consequence of seasonal variation, resource availability, nutritional demands and habitat conditions. There is growing evidence for this in mosquito species as a result of laboratory[8, 9] and field studies[10, 11, 12]. However, there are large empirical knowledge gaps regarding the effects of environmental change on density-dependent processes. With environmental changes in climate and anthropogenic land use occurring at a high global rate it is important to understand how the environment can influence mosquito dynamics. These changes have the potential to change patterns of mosquito ecology through modifying density-dependent processes. As a consequence of these changes, the spread and distribution of mosquito-borne disease may be modified. In addition to limited empirical data, the majority of existing mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics and ecology consider only the influence of environment upon a single life-cycle stage and do not consider density dependence, or additionally ignore environmental modification altogether. Many models focus on single species in association with their environment. Therefore there is a need characterise mosquito population dynamics at multiple life-cycle stages in response to environmental change at the whole community level.This PhD project will use density-dependent population dynamics as a case study to investigate the effects of environmental change upon mosquito population dynamics with the aim of informing future models and predictions ofmosquito-borne disease spread. This project will begin by modelling density dependence at the population level to consider its contribution to population dynamics. Secondly this project will investigate density dependence and its relation to land use and environmental change. This project will conduct a series of laboratory and field experiments to investigate densitydependent effects across environmental conditions.BBSRC Priority AreasSystems approaches to the biosciencesThis priority falls under the enabling theme `Exploiting New Ways of Working'. This project includes a combination of mathematical, statistical and computational modelling as well as manipulative field work. This project aims to capture complex biological and ecological behaviour by integrating the necessary components and interactions and thereby simulate the biological system in a way that enables useful predictions to be made.

密度依赖性是一个阶段特异性过程，是种群调节的关键[1]。在许多物种中，密度依赖的强度可能因季节变化、资源可用性、营养需求和生境条件而不同。在实验室[8，9]和实地研究[10，11，12]中，越来越多的证据表明这一点。然而，在环境变化对密度依赖过程的影响方面，存在着巨大的经验知识缺口。随着气候和人类土地利用的环境变化在全球范围内以很高的速度发生，重要的是要了解环境如何影响蚊子的动态。这些变化有可能通过改变密度依赖过程来改变蚊子生态模式。由于这些变化，蚊媒疾病的传播和分布可能会改变。除了有限的经验数据外，大多数现有的蚊子种群动态和生态学的数学模型只考虑环境对单个生命周期阶段的影响，而不考虑密度依赖性，或者完全忽略环境改造。许多模型侧重于单个物种与其环境的关系。因此，有必要在多个生命周期阶段的蚊子种群动态响应于整个社区水平的环境变化。本博士项目将使用密度依赖的种群动态作为案例研究，调查环境变化对蚊子种群动态的影响，旨在为未来的蚊媒疾病传播模型和预测提供信息。该项目将开始在人口一级建立密度依赖模型，以考虑其对人口动态的贡献。其次，本项目将调查密度依赖性及其与土地利用和环境变化的关系。该项目将进行一系列实验室和实地实验，以调查各种环境条件下的密度效应。该项目包括数学，统计和计算建模以及操作性实地工作的组合。该项目旨在通过整合必要的组成部分和相互作用来捕捉复杂的生物和生态行为，从而以能够做出有用预测的方式模拟生物系统。