Gender,sex typing, and depressive vulnerability

描述（由候选人提供）：单极严重 抑郁症继续急剧增加（默里和洛佩斯，1992年）， 疾病是一个重大的公共卫生问题。此外，妇女 患抑郁症的可能性是男性的两倍， 人们对这种性别差距仍然知之甚少（Kessler，2000年）。实证研究 关于两性对抑郁症的脆弱性是至关重要的， 研究使女性处于特别危险的因素。 这项研究旨在促进我们对抑郁症的理解。 通过调查其与性别和性别类型的关系， 倾向于根据性别处理关于他人和自我的信息 定型观念;伯尔尼，1981年）。为此，采取了综合办法， 情感脆弱性的自我差异模型（Higgins，1987） 性别图式理论（伯尔尼，1981年）的背景下研究。关系的 人格风格的社会性和自主性（贝克，1983）自我差异和 还检查了性别类型。 该研究项目探讨了抑郁症的三个不同方面 可能与性别和性别类型有关的脆弱性：（1） 性别类型个体的中心自我目标与焦虑的关系，（2） 自我目标和自我目标达成的性别差异;（3）自我目标和自我目标达成的关系 社会性和自主性对自我差异和性别类型的影响。三项研究 建议使用非临床样本，以研究这些领域。 这些发现对开发更有效的治疗药物具有重要意义。 采取干预措施和预防战略， 萧条

DESCRIPTION (provided by candidate): With prevalence rates of unipolar major depression continuing to increase dramatically (Murray & Lopez, 1992), the illness constitutes a significant public health problem. Moreover, women are twice as likely to suffer from major depression as are men, and the causes of this gender gap are still poorly understood (Kessler, 2000). Empirical research regarding vulnerability to depression in both sexes is critical, as is the study of factors that place females at particular risk. The proposed research aims to advance our understanding of depressive vulnerability by investigating its relation to gender and sex typing (the tendency to process information about others and the self in terms of gender stereotypes; Bern, 1981). To that end, an integrative approach is adopted, in which the self-discrepancy model of affective vulnerability (Higgins, 1987) is studied in the context of gender schema theory (Bern, 1981). Relations of the personality styles sociotropy and autonomy (Beck, 1983) to self-discrepancy and sex typing are also examined. The research program explores three distinct aspects of depressive vulnerability for which gender and sex typing are likely to be relevant: (1) the relation of central self-goals to dysphoria in sex-typed individuals, (2) gender differences in self-goals and self-goal attainment, and (3) the relation of sociotropy and autonomy to self-discrepancy and sex typing. Three studies using nonclinical samples are proposed in order to investigate these areas. Findings have implications for the development of more effective therapeutic interventions and preventive strategies for use in reducing rates of depression.