Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Novelty Preferences

新奇偏好的行为和神经相关性

• 批准号: 6406143
• 负责人: KELLY A SNYDER
• 金额: $ 2.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-16 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6406143
• 关键词: age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; early experience; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); memory; neurophysiology; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; pediatrics; predoctoral investigator; preference; sensory discrimination; statistics /biometry; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Preferential looking paradigms have been used for almost 50 years to study detection and discrimination of stimuli, categorization, memory, concept formation, and individual differences in infant cognition. Yet, relatively little is known about the nature of the representations which mediate novelty preferences. The general aim of this research is to investigate the neural correlates of novelty preferences during the first year of life in order to elucidate the nature of the representation reflected in an infant's differential attention to a novel stimulus. To accomplish this goal, two experiments are proposed. Experiment 1 will employ a cross-sectional design in order to allow the evaluation of differences in infant electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) which predict novelty preferences across the first year of life. One goal of this research is to evaluate infant novelty preferences against an adult model of dissociable memory systems. In order to investigate this, the effect of retention interval on infant memory will be assessed by two different tasks: preferential looking and priming. ERPs will be recorded while infants participate in these tasks to assess the extent to which different neural circuits may dissociate performance on the tasks, whether there is a difference in the pattern of brain activity which predicts immediate vs delayed recognition memory, and whether there is a difference in the pattern of brain activity during familiarization across the first year of life. Experiment 2 will investigate the effect of experience on novelty preferences in infancy. This will be accomplished b manipulating infants' experience with a particular class of stimuli, and testing infants before and after this experience. The goal of this study are to assess whether experience with a particular class of stimuli effects performance on preferential looking task whether this experience effects brain re-organization of memory systems with respect to the stimuli, and whether such reorganization, if it is found, persists over time even when the stimuli are removed from the environment.

描述（由申请人提供）：优先考虑的范例已经 近50年来一直用于研究刺激的检测和辨别， 分类、记忆、概念形成与婴儿个体差异 认知.然而，对这一现象的性质知之甚少。 代表调解新奇的偏好。这件事的总体目标是 研究的目的是调查在研究过程中新奇偏好的神经相关性。 第一年的生活，以阐明性质的代表性 反映在婴儿对新刺激的不同注意力上。到 为了实现这一目标，提出了两个实验。实验1将采用 横截面设计，以便评估 婴儿脑电图和事件相关电位 预测婴儿在出生后第一年的新奇偏好。其中一个目标是 研究是评估婴儿对新奇事物的偏好， 可分离的记忆系统为了研究这一点， 将通过两个不同的任务来评估婴儿记忆的保留间隔： 优先查看和启动。当婴儿出生时， 参与这些任务，以评估不同的神经系统在多大程度上 电路可能会分离任务的性能，是否存在差异 大脑活动的模式，预测即时与延迟 识别记忆，以及大脑模式是否存在差异 在生命的第一年熟悉活动。实验2 将研究经验对婴儿期新奇偏好的影响。 这将通过B操纵婴儿的经验来实现， 类的刺激，并测试婴儿之前和之后，这种经验。的 这项研究的目的是评估是否与一个特定的类的经验， 刺激对优先注视任务的影响 经验影响大脑记忆系统的重组， 刺激，以及如果发现这种重组，是否会随着时间的推移而持续 即使当刺激物从环境中移除时。