Neural Mechanisms of Preferential-looking

偏好寻找的神经机制

• 批准号: 6987171
• 负责人: KELLY A SNYDER
• 金额: $ 7.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6987171
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; infant human (0-1 year); memory; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; preference; visual cortex; visual perception

Description (provided by applicant): Preferential-looking paradigms rely on an infant's inherent "preference" for viewing novel stimuli (i.e., novelty preferences) to provide evidence for memory or discrimination. Our long-term goal is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying performance on preferential-looking tasks in order to advance our knowledge about the functional neurobiology and development of visual attention and memory. Such knowledge has important implications for understanding cognitive development in general, and will ultimately help to inform our understanding of how disruptions in the development of these systems may give rise to developmental disorders. The specific hypothesis behind the proposed research is that preferential-looking primarily reflects the incidental encoding of the visual scene into a perceptual store vs. the recollection or recognition of information. The specific aims of this proposal are to: 1. Investigate whether novelty and familiarity preferences are associated with the same or different cognitive processes. The processes underlying novelty and familiarity preferences will be investigated by examining he relation between preferential-looking in the visual-paired comparison (VPC) and subsequent processing of the familiar stimulus via ERPs. Differences in the topography of ERP components can be inferred to reflect differences in the underlying neural circuits, and hence cognitive processes. 2. Dissociate processes related to recognition vs. priming. This will be accomplished by examining the relation between novelty preferences in the VPC and subsequent ERP differences during the processing of familiar and novel stimuli. 3. Dissociate processes related to familiarity vs. recency. This will be accomplished by investigating the effects of repetition of novel and familiar stimuli on ERPs in 6-month olds, focusing in particular on components that have been related to performance on preferential-looking tasks in previous work.

描述（由申请人提供）：偏好观看范式依赖于婴儿对观看新颖刺激的固有“偏好”（即新奇偏好），以提供记忆或辨别的证据。我们的长期目标是阐明优先观看任务表现背后的神经机制，以增进我们对功能神经生物学以及视觉注意力和记忆发展的了解。这些知识对于理解一般认知发展具有重要意义，并最终有助于我们理解这些系统发育的破坏如何可能导致发育障碍。这项研究背后的具体假设是，优先观看主要反映了将视觉场景偶然编码为感知存储，而不是信息的回忆或识别。该提案的具体目标是： 1. 调查新颖性和熟悉性偏好是否与相同或不同的认知过程相关。通过检查视觉配对比较 (VPC) 中的偏好观看与通过 ERP 对熟悉刺激进行的后续处理之间的关系，将研究新颖性和熟悉性偏好背后的过程。可以推断 ERP 组件拓扑的差异反映了底层神经回路的差异，从而反映了认知过程的差异。 2. 将与识别相关的过程与启动相关的过程分开。这将通过检查 VPC 中的新颖性偏好与处理熟悉和新颖刺激过程中随后的 ERP 差异之间的关系来完成。 3. 分离与熟悉度和新近度相关的过程。这将通过研究重复新奇和熟悉的刺激对 6 个月大的婴儿的 ERP 的影响来实现，特别关注与先前工作中优先任务的表现相关的成分。