Neuronal Basis of Conditioned Defeat

许多物种在其一生中都会经历社会压力。对于人类来说尤其如此，其冲突和压力的压倒性来源本质上是社交的。大量证据表明，暴露于创伤性事件或持续的高水平压力与许多与压力有关的障碍(如创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症、焦虑症)的发展和表现有关。应激相关障碍的动物模型提供了关于许多精神病理学的神经生物学基础的重要信息。然而，很少有模型以生物相关的范式来检验这些疾病。叙利亚仓鼠的条件性失败为在生态相关的背景下研究应激相关疾病的神经生物学基础提供了一个理想的模型。目前这项提议的目标是通过将特定部位的微量注射到特定的大脑核团来探索条件性失败的神经解剖学和神经化学基础。目前的建议将检验一种假设，即通常情况下，参与恐惧、焦虑和对应激源的行为反应的大脑区域和神经化学物质在获得和表达条件失败方面也是关键的。目前这一提议的结果将为了解条件性失败的潜在生理机制提供重要的见解。此外，这些数据将有助于我们了解人类应激相关疾病的神经生物学基础。

Many species experience social stressors during their lifetimes. This is especially true for humans, whose overwhelming source of conflict and stress is social in nature. A large body of evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events or persistent high levels of stress are linked to the development and expression of a number of stress-related disorders (i.e. PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders). Animal models of stress-related disorders have provided important information about the neurobiological basis of many psychopathologies. Very few models, however, have examined these disorders in a biologically relevant paradigm. Conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters provides an ideal model for studying the neurobiological basis of stress-related disorders in an ecologically relevant context. The goal of the current proposal is to explore the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned defeat by using site-specific microinjections into specific brain nuclei. The present proposal will test the hypothesis that the brain areas and neurochemicals that are involved in fear, anxiety and behavioral responses to stressors, in general, are also critical in the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. The results of the current proposal will provide important insight into the underlying physiological mechanisms of conditioned defeat. Additionally, these data will contribute to our knowledge about the neurobiological basis of human stress-related disorders.